thermography

Describes use of thermography by Fishburn Thermography group ltd. Outlines use of camera and isotherm function. Suggests use of thermography for the detection in walls of heat losses, thermal bridging, wet or inadequate insulation, air infiltration and other defects.

Reports the use of thermography for evaluating the effectiveness of a number of different retrofit measures carried out on single family dwellings in Twin Rivers. Discusses the use and limitations of thermography. Gives thermograms of parts of the houses before and after retrofit. Finds thermography is an effective tool for evaluating these retrofit measures which decreased the energy consumption by about 25%.

Discusses in general terms energy consumption and energy requirements and the testing and checking of buildings. Gives principles of thermography and discusses the influence of various parameters on the thermography of buildings. Gives rules for interpretation of thermograms and use of comparative thermograms. Gives examples of comparative thermograms for common defects in insulation and airtightness, and actual cases where certain constructions and components were examined. Shows effectiveness of improvements made to remedy certain types of defects in insulation and air tightness.

A comprehensive manual describing theory and techniques of thermography as used to determine insulation defects in buildings. Describes operation of infrared camera and theory of interpretation of thermograms. Provides practical rules for field work and discusses possible sources of error. Concludes with 56 page catalogue containing over 700 typical thermograms, many in colour, illustrating four wall types built a) strictly according to specifications and b) with common structural and insulation defects.

Reports tests made on a mobile home to evaluate its thermal performance. Describes home, instrumentation and test procedure. Gives energy consumption as a function of indoor-outdoor temperature difference. Finds that oversized heating plant resulted in low seasonal operating efficiency. Air infiltration was measured using pressurization technique and SF6 as a tracer gas. The latter showed that operation of the heating plant induced higher air infiltration rates. Reports thermographic survey of interior surfaces which showed air paths formed by wrinkles in the surface insulation.

Describes operation of thermal imaging cameras with a display monitor detecting infra-red radiation. Since temperature differentials of 0.20C are significant for insulation of buildings, camera must be used to limits of its sensitivity and monitoring procedure must be carefully chosen. Treats measurement limitations in field of building. Uses details of thermographic surveys to illustrate some difficulties of measurement and analysis. Emphasises importance of correct inspection procedures for particular situation.

Treats methods of determining energy losses in a building given in 1975 swedish building regulations. Presents findings of a number of measurements using pressure method and thermography carried out during 1977 and winter of 1978. The apparatus and methods have been developed for field work. Presents results which depict different grades of airtightness in different types of building. Discusses use of thermography, which has been extensively used in recent years in Sweden in particular for new buildings. States method has been developed to become subject of a swedish standard.

Outlines the principles of infrared thermography and describes the equipment. Reports investigation at the National Swedish Institute for Material Testing into the use of thermography. Finds that the method should primarily be used as a relative method for plotting of building faults on external walls and for qualitative judging of their nature. It is not suitable for quantitative determination of the heat resistance of walls.Gives typical thermograms prepared using a test wall to which artificial defects were added.

Discusses ways of increasing accuracy and thoroughness of energy audits of buildings by use of specialized instruments and improved audit techniques. States air infiltration measurements are key item in audit procedure. Describes 'house doctor' kitwhich with records of past energy usage, knowledge of prevailing weather and a questionnaire are used to establish the energy signature of a house. The kit includes blower door, infrared camera, temperature probes and appliance consumption meter. Describes simple tracer gas method using sulphur hexafluoride collected in sample bottles.

Describes the two major methods of measuring air leakage in buildings; the tracer gas method and the pressure method. The three ways of using tracer gas are with decreasing gas concentration, constant gas concentration, and with constant gasrelease. In Sweden nitrous oxide is normally used. The results of the tracer gas method may depend on the weather at the time of measurement. The pressure method is fast and accurate, but only gives the total leakage through the building. Local differences can be detected by use of infrared photography.