Airflow and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms.

The airflow pattern and thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated classroom were predicted using CFD techniques. The CFD model for turbulent flow consists of equations for the conservation of mass, momentum and thermal energy and the equations for the k-E turbulence model, taking account of the effects of buoyancy and obstacles in the room. The thermal comfort was assessed according to the predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD).

Ventilation control of IAQ, thermal comfort and energy conservation by CO2 measurement.

The use of indoor carbon dioxide levels is a good method for controlling indoor air quality in office buildings. The measured CO2 is used to determine the amount of outdoor air needed to purge air contaminants and to obtain the desired CO2 indoors. Two floors of a commercial building in Montreal were used in the study.

Evaluation of measured and computer test case results from Annex 20, Subtask 1.

The ability to accurately predict air movement and temperature distribution in spaces offers the potential for design engineers to evaluate and optimise room air distribution systems at an early stage, leading to improved thermal comfort and ventilation effectiveness. The computer models which are used for detailed analyses are based on computational fluid dynamics [1,2] and employ sophisticated numerical algorithms to satisfy the basic laws of physics. The programs are such that they are more complex and more difficult to use than those with which design engineers may be more familiar.

Review of air infiltration research in Finland.

In Finland, there are three main topics in the field of air infiltration research: * simulation and measurement of air-leakage rates in building components and in buildings as a whole * airtightness and indoor air quality (thermal comfort) * thermal effects of air flow in building components. Goes on todiscuss aspects of air infiltration research in Finland.

ROOM: a method to predict thermal comfort at any point in a space.

The paper presents the theoretical background to an analytical tool, called ROOM, that is used by a large design practice to predict comfort conditions, and plot detailed comfort contours within a given space. ROOM is based on a thorough analysis of the radiant heat transfers that occur within a complex space linked to an explicit finite difference treatment of elements that store thermal energy. Airflow modelling is, at present, limited to simple single zone or two zone (stratified) space, with buoyancy driven ventilation as an option.

Ventilation characteristics of selected type of buildings and indoor climate.

The paper presents results of ventilation characteristics of a lecture/seminar room obtained by various door-window opening combinations and positions, and the level of comfort and air quality resulted by the given window-ventilating modes. Applying statistical methods, formulae of air change rate for the test room under it's normal operating condition i.e. when all window and external door are shut and when particular windows are opened is also presented and graphs in relation to dominancy factors such as wind and buoyancy effects, are given.

Metro and thermal feeling Metro es hoerzet.

            

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