pressure distribution

Natural and forced ventilation are directly and indirectly influenced by the pressure distribution around a building. Results of full-scale pressure measurements on a typical Swedish timber house are presented. The rate of air infiltration has been calculated by employing the values obtained from full-scale pressure distribution, air leakage characteristics and temperature differences. The results are compared with the actual ventilation obtained from tracer gas measurements.

Using meteorological and physical data, a model simulating pressure and air mass flow distribution in buildings was produced using the method of non-linear networks. It was used to study wind and buoyancy effects on mechanically ventilated buildings. Contents include: natural ventilation in high rise buildings with and without air-handling equipment, a study of a hospital, and calculation of the annual heat load for ventilation.

Using meteorological and physical data, a model simulating pressure and air mass flow distribution in buildings was produced using the method of non-linear networks. It was used to study wind and buoyancy effects on mechanically ventilated buildings. Calculations were made for a naturally ventilated high rise building for varying permeability distributions and air flow resistances of the building envelope, using data from real buildings and from previous cases described in the literature.

Describes international research activities in the field of air infiltration, based on a recent research survey. Projects include research on indoor air quality and comfort, comparison of procedures for calculating air change rates in buildings, compiling data on air flow and pressure distributions around buildings, and measurement techniques. At the end, concentrates on Swiss projects.

One of a series of investigations of the improper functioning of ventilation and smoke stacks. The problem is essentially one of town planning in which the layout of low and high rise buildings can cause unknown influences at the outlet of vertical stacks on low rise buildings. The study concerns thepressure distribution on and above the roof of a low rise building upwind or downwind of a high rise building as a function of the separation between them for various heights of the high rise buildings.

Presents an analytical model for the prediction of ventilation rates, internal pressures and temperatures as influenced by the combined effects of heat dissipation inside industrial buildings and natural wind action. The model inputs are external pressure distribution, pressure drop coefficients of theopenings and thermal conductance of the walls and roof assumed to be knownfrom experimental data. A simple example is worked out. It consists of a two span long building, equipped with a natural ventilation system and divided into two internal spaces differently heated.

Uses model buildings to study external distribution of wind pressure and internal air flow. Compares air flow data with computed values derived from the pressure distribution data. Collects the pressure data obtained in a comprehensive study of wind loads on low-rise buildings and rearranges it in a form more suited to the computation of internal flows. Presents and discusses the methods emloyed in the reformulation and the results obtained. Briefly describes the development of design aids from which flow estimates could be made by simple hand calculations.

States that comparison of different methods of calculating the volumes of outdoor air entering a building through the window shows that the chief deficiency of the standardised method of calculation is neglect of the importance of the relation between building dimensions, the wind profile andthe resulting pressure distribution at the building. Proposes an approximation method which significantly improves the accuracy of the calculation and also permits the calculation of flow through buildings for each possible combination of the factors determining the flow.

Makes an experimental investigation of the distribution of pressure differences across the walls of a 20-storey student residence building at the University of Ottawa. Measures the wind velocity at the test building as well as the temperature distributions both inside and outside the building.

Describes results from wind-tunnel tests on models of the Building Research Establishment's experimental building at Aylesbury. The use of several scale models of this building in uniform and in simulated atmospheric boundary-layer flows together with the results from the full-scale experiments allow an assessment of the effect of variations in the ratio of the longitudinal- turbulence integral length scale to body dimension.