From the moment that people first settle somewhere, they have been looking for ways to protect themselves from the climate in order to create a pleasant indoor environment. In fact this is still the essential requirement and point of design and construction. In our culture components have been added to the process, the parameters and the possibilities, as a consequence of which the ultimate goal - a comfortable building or building for people - is becoming progressively more difficult.
The measurement and simulation of energy consumption and comfort is undertaken for a primary school in Melbourne, Australia. Four classrooms are measured providing data sets of air temperature, humidity, heating and lighting energy consumption in conjunction with external weather measurements over a full year. The primary investigation is to assess two different heating systems: electric radiant ceiling panels versus gas convective air heating.
The Nutrition Centre with 836 m2 surface, was finalised on the 30th of July 1999. It is situated in the department of El Peten, municipal of Dolores in Guatemala, 70km from the ancient ruins of Mayas de Tikal. The autochthonous architecture is being replaced with advance and modern materials that may not resolve, but increase, the bad conditions of comfort in the habitat. Constructed with autochthonous materials and local labour, it is part of an integral help program, attendance and formation for an autochthonous population.
In a crowded building space with no air conditioning, heat and moisture emissions from occupants can result in heat stress in the indoor environment, which in turn, causes thermal strain on the human body. In the present paper, a 61-node thermoregulation model is coupled with a thermal environment model of ventilated space to simulate both the thermal conditions and occupant's responses. The coupling model is validated with experimental data at high occupant density in a thermal environmental chamber.
An intervention study was performed in a mechanically ventilated office building in which there were severe indoor climate complaints among the occupants. In one part of the building a new heating and ventilation strategy was implemented by renovating the HVAC system, and a carpet was replaced with a low-emitting vinyl floor material; the other part of the building was kept unchanged, serving as a control. A comprehensive indoor climate investigation was performed before and after the intervention.
This paper describes the development of a hybrid conditioning system that creates a comfortable indoor environment in a building. The operation of a variable-volume displacement conditioning system and a radiant cooled floor have been optimized to reduce the building load. Control strategies were developed that optimize energy consumption and contain moisture levels within specified limits. The development of conditioning-only occupied zones is shown and how the overall energy consumption is reduced. Its application in a large airport is described.
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