Reducing the air change rate of a house increases the concentration of pollutants in the indoor air. These pollutants are identified and located within the residential structure. Air-to-air heat exchangers are suggested tocontrol ventilation, and the three basic types described.
In countries such as the United Kingdom that possess a temperate climate, the majority of buildings are not air-conditioned but depend upon natural ventilation and relatively simple heating systems. Openable windows are used to reduce the in
Thirty residences were monitored for nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, respirable suspended particles, and air exchange rate for forty-one one-week periods using integrating samplers. The residences were located in the northwest a
Continuous monitoring of NO, NO2, CO, CO2, and O2 depletion was conducted in 14 residences (13 with kerosene space heaters and one without) in two locations in the residence (room with the heater and bedroom) and outdoors. The continuous monitor
Investigates the generation of pollutants from unvented convective and radiant kerosene heaters in a residence over a 3 month period. The measured concentrations of carbon monoxide were low. However, under the conditions of use which were studied concentrations of SO2, NO, NO2, and CO2 reached or exceeded levels recommended for indoor air. Further, it was demonstrated that using a semi-open door to provide ventilation did not reduce concentrations of pollutants to acceptable levels.
Indoor air quality sampling strategies and analytical techniques have changed significantly in the past ten years. The changes reflect both the shifts in study objectives and the development of new forms of instrumentation. Toillustrate these trends, this paper describes early field techniques for measuring indoor air quality using a heavily instrumented mobile laboratory that is suitable for measuring one building intensively for up to four weeks.The style of measurement now is complemented by large field survey projects using passive samplers as the dominant instrumentation.
A discussion of different approaches to indoor air pollutant monitoring is presented. Indoor sampler design criteria are outlined. Grab samplers, personal samplers, passive and single-use devices, and in-situ measurement instruments are compared to novel, syringe/adsorbent tube samplers. These instruments provide automated, sequential, time-averaged collection of avariety of indoor pollutants, including hydrocarbon/halocarbon organic vapours, CO, CO2, HCOH, tobacco smoke, combustion and odorous mixtures, and particulate matter. In addition, the samplers can be used in infiltration studies.
Reports the result of investigation of the impact of various operational factors on trace combustion products emission rates from unvented gas appliances including ranges and space heaters. The impact of the following factors on the indoor NO, NO2 and CO emission rates were evaluated under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber - 1) the appliance typeand/or design, 2) the primary aeration level, 3) the fuel input rate, 4) the time dependence of emission rates, and 5) the presence of absorbing surfaces such as wood, plaster board, curtains, carpets, linoleum and plaster.
Building design and building construction technology has improved in the past decade and the concern over indoor air pollutants and their health effects has increased. A multi-point, multi-pollutant air sampling and analysis network was insta
As our understanding of human exposure to air pollutants improves, it is becoming increasingly evident that indoor environments play a critical role in determining exposures. However, it is not possible at the present time toestablish the relative contribution of indoor and outdoor sources to personal exposures, nor can the contribution of specific indoor emissions be quantified. To address these issues, a chamber experiment was initiated to measure particulate and organic emissions from important indoor sources.
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