Sustainability assessment frameworks, evaluation tools and metrics for buildings and its environment – a review

Measurement science is vital in evaluating environmental impacts to assess sustainability. There are several types of frameworks, analytical tools and metrics that have been developed to assess the achievement of sustainability. The purpose of such frameworks, tools and metrics is to evaluate impact to the environment at different scales depending on project boundaries. This paper provides a detailed review and in-depth mapping of a variety of sustainability frameworks, analysis tools and metrics currently in use related to building and environment. Such a mapping offers clarity to modelers on the hierarchy of measurement sciences in the yet-to-be-formulated “science of sustainability.”