Steel buildings with low annual energy consumption.

Energy efficient steel buildings with better thermal insulation to reduce transmission losses are now being built in Sweden. Examples of structural design are given to minimise the influence of thermal bridges. A method for the calculation of such heat losses is presented. Principles for airtightness to reduce air leakage of buildings are discussed, special details and material requirements are given. A case study of such an energy efficient steel structure tennis hall shows that the heat loss from the lights will give anacceptable indoor air temperature for playing tennis during the Stockholmwinter.