Representation of HVAC control in common simulation packages

The accurate representation of building operation is essential for building simulation to represent the consequence of design and operational controls correctly.  This imperative is increasing with the use of calibrated simulations as a tool in the retrofit of buildings.  Central to this is the representation of HVAC systems and controls, which have a major influence on building performance.  In this paper, the representation of common HVAC types and control strategies in DOE-2, Tas, Energy Plus and IES is reviewed and compared.  HVAC types reviewed include variable air volume, active and passive chilled beams.  Control strategies include a range of common terminal and AHU control approaches, demand controlled ventilation and central plant controls.  A number of significant shortcomings are identified. Key priorities for further simulation tool development are recommended.