Heat transfer calculations in life cycle assessment of buildings and EPBD II

The present contribution aims at a typical example of a low-energy house to repeat the known facts in environmental assessment of buildings, emphasize the need to use transient calculations of energy demand not only to optimize building envelope and operation of buildings but also in the assessment of their life cycle. It also outlines a possible way of comparing the built and operational energy within the life cycle of buildings, as a contribution to the debate on the implementation of the second Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD II).