Reports comparisons between wind pressures measured on two low-rise experimental buildings and pressures measured on wind-tunnel models of those buildings. For the experimental building at Aylesbury, comparisons are made between thefull-scale pressures obtained by the Building Research Establishment and those of model tests at 1: 500 scale carried out by the University of Western Ontario, Canada and at 1 :50 scale by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (V.P.l.S.U.). The second experimental building, constructed by V.P.l.S. U.
Reports measurements of wind pressure distributions on a model of tall building made in a turbulent wind tunnel with a velocity gradient. The wind pressure distributions in a constant uniform velocity field were also measured and the differences in thepatterns of pressure distributions due to the effects of velocity gradient were observed at lower part of the model.< Also describes measurement of natural wind pressures and glass strains on a 36 storey office building. Finds inter alia considerably large pressure fluctuations of short gusts although average pressures are small.
Reports measurements of suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide and droplet nuclei in a climate chamber of 50m3 as indicators of the particulate and gaseous phase of cigarette smoke. Various combinations of smoking intensities andventilation rates between 1 and 16 air changes per hour were investigated partly by a standardized smoking machine procedure and by individual smoking by a panel of four persons.
Reports first report from committee, "Preliminary proposals for measures against radiation risks in dwellings". Notes that prime source of radiation, alum-based lightweight concrete, has been banned in new buildings in Sweden, but is still present in 10%of pre-1975 houses. Provisional limits for gamma radiation for undeveloped sites: 30-100 micro.r/h (site should only be built on subject to other conditions), more than 100 micro.r/h (building inadvisable). suggests that geological radiation maps be charted. Notes reduction in radon content through house ventilation.
Investigation has shown connection between radon content in mines and lung cancer in miners. Radon is also present in building structures. Presents measurements carried out inNorwegian houses and discusses consequences of radiation doses absorbed in human lungs as well as biological effects of background radiation. Diagram illustrates concentration of radon in concrete, brick and wood. Analyses factors which affect radon content, particularly barometric pressure and ventilation rates.
Notes that indoor air can contain between 01 - 100 x 10\9 ppm particles and that sub-micronic particles (1 -100 micro m) dominate. Defines indoor as microbiological laboratories, public buildings including the stations, nurseries, cinemas etc. and dwellings. Lists sources of pollution and tabulates limit values for aerosols noting those which are carcinogenic, absorbed through the skin, allergy-producing. Maximum limits stated are for 15 min/hour exposure rate. Discusses risks involved and how injury can be prevented.
Outlines causes of air infiltration. Discusses the air leakage paths of openings and measures that can be taken to reduce air leakage. Concludes that air infiltration should never be relied upon for ventilation but efforts should be made to make the building envelope more airtight, and a mechanical ventilation system should be installed.
Considers windows as part of system of air controlling features of buildings to enhance air movement through living zone to cool occupants. Discusses how air is moved by pressure differences set up as wind strikes a building. Treats how location and type of window determines the pattern of air entering a building. Size of window opening determines speed. Location and type of window directs the air as the nozzle of a hose directs water.Considers how overhangs, landscaping screens, trees, and shrubs can also be used in control of air movement.
Gives brief description of the new computer package developed by the Oscar Faber partnership for predicting the movement of smoke during a building fire. The model treats the building as a network and calculates air flow between rooms driven by stack effect and wind pressure. Four levels of complexity in the simulation are possible. Describes the results of these different types of analysis for a multi-storey building.
Reports measurements made of the wind pressure over a model of the Empire State Building as affected by the presence of neighboring models simulating buildings which might be erected on the adjacent blocks. Finds that while the pressure on certain faces of the building was increased somewhat by the presence of neighbouring structures, the resultant of pressure on the windward face and suction on the lee face was decreased. The decrease was greatest when the shielding structure was close by and directly upstream.
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