Increasing use is made of open front or cold confinement buildings for fattening beef cattle. Reports model study of an open front beef confinement building a) to evaluate the effects of ridge vent design on airflow characteristics and temperature and b) to determine prediction equations forthe relationship between wind velocity and outlet velocity. Reviews literature on the subject. Compares results with previous studies. Discusses relationships between outlet velocity, wind speed and temperature difference. Recommends open and baffled ridge vents.
Discusses five different models for predicting air infiltration. Presents a new model developed at the Institute of Gas Technology. The model is based on the results of tests to obtain the contribution of the existence of a chimney, and furnace operation, to house air infiltration. Reports verification of model by simulating results from 23 test homes. Concludes that model simulates with reasonable accuracy the measured values for a single-storey home equipped with an oil-fired central furnace.
Presents examples of the use of a generalized model of air infiltration, developed earlier, to estimate the air infiltration characteristics of two test homes using data for the structures, weather and furnace installation. One of these is a single-storey home with basement of wood- frame construction, equipped with an oil-fired central heating furnace.
Gives theoretical calculation of the amount of air which moves from one room to another due to a temperature difference between the two rooms. Suggests the possibility of reducing the heating or cooling load by allowing an overpressure in one of the two rooms.
Surveys published ventilation rates, primarily of single housing units. Finds helium is the most commonly used tracer gas and that average annual ventilation rate of most occupied houses is between O.5 and 1.5 air changes per. hour. Summarises important recommendations and gives bibliography of 230references.
Reports field monitoring program by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory to assess the potential impact of reduced ventilation of indoor air quality. Three houses, designed to be energy-efficient, were monitored using a mobile laboratory. Parameters measured included infiltration rate, CO2, CO, NO2, NO, O3, SO2, HCNO, total aldehydes and particulates.
Reports the use of thermography for evaluating the effectiveness of a number of different retrofit measures carried out on single family dwellings in Twin Rivers. Discusses the use and limitations of thermography. Gives thermograms of parts of the houses before and after retrofit. Finds thermography is an effective tool for evaluating these retrofit measures which decreased the energy consumption by about 25%.
Reports pressure measurements made on five shapes of glasshouses, under natural wind conditions and generally over a 90 deg. range of direction. Gives pressure coefficients from 48 tapping points for four different glasshouses.
Suggests use of windbreaks to protect solar collectors and open air swimming pools and to protect buildings from the wind, thus contributing significantly to energy savings. Provides detailed knowledge concerning operation and effects of windbreaks: aerodynamic characteristics, effect of porosity of a windbreak on reduction of wind speed, effect of height and length, angle of incidence of the wind, effects of wind speed, ruggedness of the terrain and thermal stability of the atmosphere.
Describes a mobile laboratory designed for research and development studies of ventilation and energy utilisation in residential and commercial buildings. Describes the trailer and instrumentation chosen. Discusses factors considered in the design of the laboratory.
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