Reports the results of an experimental assessment of the effect of a chimney on the air leakage characteristic of an unoccupied two-storey detached house heated by either gas or electric furnace. Measurements were taken of air tightness values and air infiltration rates with the chimney capped anduncapped.
Describes an analytical model used to study the effects of air supply rates on the dynamics of an occupied space as related to energy consumption and occupant's comfort. Reviews the concept of Air Diffusion Performance Criteria (ADPI) and uses it to derive air movement control strategies to reduce energy consumption in buildings. Discusses the relationship between the air movement control strategies and passive thermal control strategies for energy efficient buildings.
Compares the air change rates measured using the decay method with several different tracer gases. Tracer gas measurements were conducted in a tightly sealed room where constant air leakage rates were maintained using an exhaust fan. Tracer gases investigated were CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6. Agreement between tracer gas measurements and measured flow rates of the exhaust fan was very good for CH4, CO and N2O. The agreement was also satisfactory for CO2 and SF6, but the scatter in tracer gas data was much greater then it was for the other three gases.
Describes "house doctoring", a combination energy audit and energy-saving retrofit procedure developed at LBL and Princeton University. House doctoring analyzes areas of energy loss, and locates and eliminates air infiltration sites by using special diagnostic equipment, such as the "blower door" forpressurisation tests. The first part of the manual provides an introduction and overview of house doctoring, including the nature of heat loss in buildings and the tools and techniques used to reduce it.
Gives a detailed description of 3 types of external shutters that were designed for 3 of 6 proto-type low energy houses at Hjortekaer Denmark. Seals were made, and shown to be efficient by measurements of infiltration air change rates and results from pressurization tests. Verifies the thermal performance of the shutters by thermal calibration, and finds a good agreement between the measured and calculated heat losses. This forms a basis for an estimate of the annual energy savings obtained by the use of shutters - about 800-2000 Kwh/y.
Illustrated booklet for the layman on heating and ventilation in housing which discusses the following: oil heating, wood firing, electrical heating, district heating, heat pumps, solar collectors for domestic hot water, ventilation systems, natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, push-pull systems, heat exchangers, fans. Appendix discusses measurement of oil-fired system efficiency.
Uses mathematical models for formaldehyde concentrations in 3 normal rooms in a single family house to estimate ventilation rates needed to maintain the formaldehyde concentration below the Danish recommended indoor standard (0.15 mg/m*3). It appears that in an initial period after the house is finished, a ventilation rate more than 10 times the recommended Scandinavian value (0.5air changes/hr) is needed to keep the concentration below the indoor standard.
Distinguishes the problems of designing natural ventilation systems for summer and winter conditions and discusses in detail the objectives, methods and some field studies directed towards the solution of winter ventilation problems.< Describes experimental work conducted in a low-energy house equipped with adjustable slot ventilators in the window frames. Both tracer gas decay methods and pressurization tests indicate similar increases of air flow when the ventilators are opened.
Describes a window opening survey concerned with identifying the objective correlates of window opening. Finds that the variation between households in terms of their total daily window opening is greater than that within households. Householders may adopt consistent window opening patterns. Hypothesises that although window opening is primarily a function of external air temperature, relative humidity and windspeed are influential at high values.
Outlines ventilation needs to show that odour dilution and moisture control are the major winter factors. Detailed studies on 24 well insulated houses show that window opening habits are clearly linked to outdoor temperature, more windows being opened in milder weather.< Shows from energy input analysis that space heating only provides a quarter of the total heat, the remainder coming from casual sources. Analysis of energy loss suggests that a third of the losses are attributable to ventilation, the remainder through the building fabric.
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