Spanish regulations, like those of other countries, lay down various criteria for the permanent ventilation opening which must exist in premises containing gaspowered domestic food cookers. There is growing concern as to the effects of NOx on the health of weaker people such as children old people and those suffering from respiratory ailments, who spend most time at home.
A concept of mixing ratio of piston air is developed to evaluate the portion of the injecting air from tunnel mixed with the air in platform space of metro system. And a 3- dimensional turbulent model is used to simulate the airflow in metro platform resulted by the ventilation system and moving trains. Field measurement has been conducted to verify the 3-dimensional model. This experiment is performed during the normal operation time of a metro station with constant tracer-gas injection method. The results agree well with the numerical solution.
The use of IR detectors to steer the ventilation is in principle an attractive approach for optimising the ventilation according to the occupants needs. In order to evaluate the performances under real conditions, one of the BBRI office buildings in Limelette (some 31 offices with in total 51 persons and a variable occupation load) was equipped with a mechanical supply ventilation system in which each terminal is controlled by an IR detector.
The flow-pressure characteristics of the AHU/VAV air-conditioning system in an open-plan office building is assessed by site experiments under various conditions. The effects of VAV supply pressure setting, return fan pressure setting and damper operation on energy consumption, fresh air intake and ex-infiltration flow rate are evaluated analytically on the basis of the VA V/ A.HU system and component characteristics.
In Amstelveen, The Netherlands, an apartment complex of forty two units has been build. Sixteen units are extreme low energy apartments. These apartments are very well isolated and have air tight facades.
During recent years, energy consumption of buildings for cooling purposes has significantly increased. In order to reduce the energy consumption while maintaining high levels of thermal comfort, building research has been oriented towards the appropriate use of the natural heat sinks. The present paper provides comparative information regarding the performance of the more important passive and hybrid cooling techniques involving the use of a natural heat sink.
Within the framework of full-scale experimental validation of the global building energy simulation software programme CLIM2000 developed by Electricity Applications in Residential and Commercial Buildings Branch of Electricite De France (EDF is the French utility company) Research and Development Division, an experimentation has been carried out in a 100 m2 real house from Oct 95 to May 96. The first step was to predict in « blind way » the total electrical power consumption of the house on the basis of three different meteorological situations (cold, hot and medium).
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