The moonlike landscape and the heat of the site suggested us the creation of an oasis open to the northern cool breaths from the Northeast and to close our house toward the sun and torrid winds from the South. That's how the idea of a curved wall embracing the house and a patio was born, recalling ancient stone protections for vineyards. · We transformed the stone wall into a complex element, forming a natural air-conditioning chamber which works as a breeze catcher and due to the design of it's different elements, regulates the interior climate of the house.
This paper reports on the analysis of historical wind data from 239 stations in the United States and 146 stations in Canada to derive design wind speeds (95%, 97.5%, and 99%) for the design of smoke control systems. As part of the analysis, the data were thoroughly checked for missing observations, internal consistency, and uniformity of location and measurement height.
A comprehensive investigation was made of the dynamic behavior of five low-velocity thermal anemometers with omnidirectional sensors. Both the shape of the dynamic response curves of the instruments and their dynamic response were different. The dynamic response of the anemometers was mainly influenced by the frequency of the velocity fluctuations and only slightly by the mean velocity of the airflow and the amplitude of the velocity fluctuations.
The airflow in buildings involves a combination of many different flow elements. It is, therefore, difficult to find an adequate, all-round turbulence model covering all aspects. Consequently, it is appropriate and economical to choose turbulence models according to the situation that is to be predicted. This paper discusses the use of different turbulence models and their advantages in given situations. As an example, it is shown that a simple zero-equation model can be used for the prediction of special situations as flow with a low level of turbulence.
Knowledge of room air distribution, including its flow and temperature characteristics, is very important to HVAC engineers. This study numerically predicts the air distribution in a room with differentially heated vertical walls. The Rayleigh number in the room is around 2.6-3x 1010. Time averaged equations of continuity, momentum, and energy are numerically solved by the finite volume method. Three turbulence models, the "standard" k-E model, and two low-Reynolds-number k-E models, are employed to simulate turbulent natural convection in the room.
A three-dimensional, large eddy simulation (LES) model developed for studying the transport of smoke and hot gases during a fire in an enclosure is described. The model uses finite difference techniques to solve the Navier-Stokes equations with an approach emphasizing high spatial resolution and efficient flow-solving techniques. The model uses the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model. The LES model with Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model was applied to ventilation aiiflow in a three-dimensional room.
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