An integrated approach to energy management and auditing over the past 10 years has turned Australia's Parliament House into an energy champion. Total energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions over that time have been culled by an impressive 52.3% and 41.2% respectively. Equally impressive is the fact that all energy efficiency improvements have been fully funded from energy savings.
In 1991 the UK Audit Commission produced energy performance indicators for hospitals based on the type of care provided. However, an analysis of over I 00 hospitals throughout 1he United Kingdom has found the type of care provided to have relatively little effect on rhe energy performance of hospital . Although other factors influenced energy use to some degree, the major factor affecting performance was found to be the plan of the hospital, as this influenced the amount of mechanical ventilation required.
Defective and energy inefficient windows, such as single-pane windows, can be responsible for up to 70% of a home's heating and cooling load. An innovative internal storm window system designed to reduce energy loss through single-pane windows was field tested in three occupied homes in the southeastern part of the United States to demonstrate its energy savings impact. The test results indicated that this system, called the "Winsulator" system, reduced window-related energy consumption for heating and cooling by 29%.
Ekoporten, a block of flats converted into an experimental sustainable building, is now 2+1/2 years old. The building is one of the most visited and debated projects carried out in Sweden in recent years. With the support of the Swedish Council for Building Research, researchers from the Faculty of Architecture, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (KTH) have followed up and documented the experiment.
The laminar flow for a backwards facing step is studied. This work was initially part of the work presented in [l]. In that work low-Reynolds number effects was studied, and the plan was also to include laminar flow. However, it turned out that when the numerical predictions of the laminar flow (Re= 118) was compared to the experiments of Restivo [2), we found a large discrepancy. We believe that there is something wrong in that experimental investigation.
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