In the case of moderate climates, convective and radiative heat exchanges are the main avenues for heat losses on a human body. When using a dummy it is sometimes difficult to have a good estimation of the heat transfer coefficients for convection and/or radiation and especially to determine the part of each mode. It is now quite easy to calculate radiative transfer with accuracy. The approach proposed here, is to find a better estimation of the local radiative heat transfer through modeling and to discuss the value of local radiative coefficients in different situations.

The present study is directed toward an accurate analysis on the transport of sensible heat overa realistically shaped human body model by way of a coupled convection-radiation simulation technique. A low-Reynolds-number type k- e turbulence model is employed to obtain the convective heat flux distribution with greater accuracy. Configuration factors over the complex geometry are accurately calculated using a Monte-Carlo method incorporating symmetrization procedures.

The assessment of the overall thermal insulation of the air shear layer surrounding a nude humanoid shape, as affected by different step rates, is the main objective of the present study. Step rateswere controlled at 0, 20, 30 and 45 steps/min. The measurements were carried out in a climate chamber with an articulated thermal manikin of the Pernille type with 16 body segments. In addition, the convective heat transfer coefficients for the 16 segments and for the whole body were determined for each step rate.

To evaluate effect of indoor environment quality on productivity, the changes in cerebral bloodoxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy was examined. In this study, relationship between the changes in cerebral blood oxygenation and difficulty level of task was evaluated by subjective experiments. Four tasks were given to the subjects: single-digit addition, double-digit multiplication, triple-digit addition, and triple-digit multiplication. It was evaluated that the more difficult task types to solve, the more oxygenated hemoglobin and total hemoglobin concentration were needed.

The quantitative knowledge gained from the assessment of particle deposition in ducts is importantto study, for example, the elimination of air leakage from duct systems with aerosolized sealant particles or to implement strategies of cleanliness of air ventilation systems. The study of particle deposition on the components of ventilation systems contributes also significantly to a better understanding of human exposure to particulate pollution. In this work we investigate deposition of aerosol particles in bifurcating ducts with a curved inlet segment.

Numerical experiments by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were done toinvestigate air distribution in displacement ventilated rooms with a moving person, which affects thermal stratification of indoor air required for controlling and maintaining good air quality and high efficient ventilation performance. The distributions of indoor air and ventilation effectiveness obtained by the simulation were compared with the experiments using a full-scale room model.

In order to accurately design and analyze demand controlled volume ventilation systems, theoccupancy level in the room must be known. The occupancy level corresponds to the length of time people occupy a room. Since there is a lack of data for occupancy levels in regards to offices, this study reports on measured occupancy levels for three cell offices in Sweden. The same occupancy sensors were used as those found on the ventilation systems. The results showed that the occupancy level for an office was as low as 11.2%.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the human thermal response in occupied spaces subjected to direct solar radiation. In this study, done in a full scale compartment equipped with an airconditioning system, a thermal-manikin (to simulate the human body posture), a multi-nodal human

The key principle of this work is that intermittent ventilation is equivalent to continuous ventilation if the pollutant exposure to an individual in the space is the same in both cases.

A 2x2 balanced experiment was carried out in an air-conditioned call center in the Tropics using a blind intervention approach to study the combined effects of temperature and outdoor air supply rate. Twenty-six permanent call center operators participated in the nine-week study. Intensity of headache symptom was significantly reduced with increased outdoor air supply rate at 24.5C (P<0.03). Similar observation at P<0.04 was observed for a principal component (neurobehavioral symptoms and self-assessed productivity) derived from a set of self evaluated symptoms.