Airflow rates were measured in one hundred and two newly built single-family houses during 2002-2004. Of the measured houses, 10 % used natural ventilation, 28 % used mechanical exhaust and 61 % used mechanical supply and exhaust. Exhaust airflow rates were measured during the summer period from terminals. Supply airflow rates and sound pressure levels were measured in master bedrooms. During a 2-3 week period in winter, air change rates were measured with a passive tracer gas technique to determine the overall air change rate.

The first and only national norm for residential ventilation in the United States is Standard 62.2-2004 published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). This standard does not by itself have the force of regulation, but is being considered for adoption by various jurisdictions within the U.S. as well as by various voluntary programs. The adoption of 62.2 would require mechanical ventilation systems to be installed in virtually all new homes, but allows for a wide variety of design solutions.

Personal control over moving air will eliminate the number one complaint in the office environment - thermal discomfort. The use of moving air to cool provides the ability to accommodate different needs among people for comfort due to varying metabolism, efficiency of heat rejection, and clothing. Cooling with moving air saves substantial energy through increased ventilation effectiveness and higher operating temperatures. Increased comfort means increased productivity.

The objective of the paper is to evaluate the long term performance of the HVAC system in alaboratory building equipped with an advanced fume cupboard technology and a buildingautomation system. The exhaust airflow of the fume cupboard was controlled in terms of sashposition and a control unit. In addition, selected fume cupboards were equipped with presencesensors. The air supply and exhaust flow rates of the laboratory rooms were monitored during two years in normal operation conditions.

Personalized ventilation aims for supplying clean air to the breathing zone of each occupant.The impact of the direction of the personalized flow on the inhaled air quality was studied.Experiments were performed in a full scale room. Personalized ventilation in conjunction with mixing ventilation was used. Breathing thermal manikin resembled person seated at a desk. Tracer gas, mixed with room air was used to simulate pollution.

In a marine temperate climate historic buildings that are equipped with thermostat-controlledheating systems show very low relative humidities (RH) during the heating season. This maylead to mechanical damage due to drying of hygroscopic materials like e.g. wood. Humidistatcontrolled systems are investigated using two different cases. Two top monuments of theNetherlands serve for the case study: Hunting Lodge St. Hubertus and Muiden Castle.The effectiveness of a humidistat-controlled heating system is investigated, both by simulation and by experiment.

DCV is one of the main issues in the near future due to the large potential of energy savings,the importance of maintaining a good IAQ with an adequate ventilation rate and the optimisation of system sizing. Nevertheless the technology or sensor used must adequately follow the actual demand. The study shows on site results on two different technologies.The first site is a collective dwelling installed with natural ventilation system situated in Nangis, near Paris (France) which has been renovated with hybrid ventilation and humidity controlled outlets and inlets.

Ventilation systems with variable airflow rates (VAV) can be used to decrease the amount ofenergy used to heat and cool the supply air and move the supply and exhaust air. Additionally,the occupancy detection system can work together with the heating and cooling system anddecrease other energy uses by changing the indoor climate demands when building is not occupied. However, a VAV system has higher installation and maintenance costs than a system with constant airflow rate (CAV).

Control-on-demand operation of HVAC-systems can reduce energy for heating, cooling, and the drive energy of fans and pumps resulting in better control at a lower operational cost. Analysis of typical Nordic CAV and VAV systems indicates a potential for substantial sav-ings using new components and alternative system design. Component developments include more efficient motors, variable speed drives, pumps and fans as well as laminar flow heat exchangers and smart air-supply devices.

This paper describes an ongoing demonstration project on the use of personalized ventilationin practice. Several designs of air supply devices for PV were developed, tested and optimisedbased on the efficiency of clean air supply to occupants breathing zone, control functionality,aesthetic, etc. Pilot installation of the PV system in a number of offices was used to gather better experience on the interaction between occupants and the PV system.