Optical properties (i.e. reflectance, transmittance, etc) of light scattering materials can be described using two approaches.The first approach, models the interaction of light with the matters particles (microscopic approach), while the second, models the light fluxes into and out of bulked considered matter (macroscopic approach). Kubelka-Munk (K-M) is the most common theory of macroscopic modeling, for calculating the change of light fluxes (two-flux theory) as a function of scattering, absorption, and distance.

Innovative development strategies for a “Mediterranean urban planning project” for the city of Umbertide- Umbria , organized in a new ecological, bioclimatic and energy sensitive residential/mixed-use, car free district of 1.500 inhabitants, focused on an

The European research project “EULEB – European high quality Low Energy Buildings” intends to provide information about good examples of energy efficient buildings in use, in order to reduce prejudices and lack of knowledge of many key actors of the build

The current discussion about energy saving measures in the built environment and the forthcoming new European guidelines “Energy efficiency in Buildings” motivated an aluminium facade company (Hydro Buildings Systems) to set up an interdisciplinary team f

So-called energy saving measures have been implementedin new and existing buildings over the last years so that the energy demand in those buildings should have decreased significantly. But the fact is, for examplelooking at the annual rate of energy use in Germany,that the demand does not necessarily decrease as ex- pected. There seem to be other factors counteractingthe technical progress. One of those factors has to be found in the user behavior in buildings.

Real-time control of comfort in indoor spaces needs models of temperature distribution and air-velocity velocityfield. Currently, a one zone model is used assumingthat the temperature is homogenous in the whole space. If the heterogeneity of air velocity field and the temperatures distribution is to be taken into account by the control system, a direct or indirect measurement of the temperature in the occupancy zone is needed. The purpose of this study is to control the temperature in the occupancy zone by integrating a low order model into a feedback control loop.

In order to reduce the energy cost for heating and improvethe internal conditions during the summer period in greenhouses, they have been investigated different solutions including passive cooling techniques and hybridsystems. Such kind of solutions is the minimization of the ventilation losses through cracks and openings, the increase of the thermal mass of the greenhouses and the use of ground heat exchangers.

This study presents the print office building E&B Engelhardtund Bauer GmbH in Karlsruhe, Germany before the refurbishment, the applied energy concept and first monitoring results from the operation of the low-energy cooling system employing night ventilation and ground cooling. The common low-rise office building has been converted into a prestigious 2?storey building.

Looking for the energy efficiency improvement of the buildings, some countries are developing programs for the new or existent buildings to be more efficient. In Brazil, the research is to meet a very recently quality stamp, that is taking care to reduce wastes from the governmental public domain. This article proposes the analysis between the ?glass and wall surface temperatures and increase of classrooms radiance temperature, at Campinas City So Paulo State. For this methodology is adopted the Artificial Neural Network to simulate the variables.

Highly glazed buildings are often considered to be airy, light and transparent with more access to daylight. Their performance, however, regarding to energy use and thermal comfort issues is often questioned. Passive solar systems such as Double Skin Faades are likely to improve the overall building performance if integratedproperly. This article deals with energy and indoor climate simulations of double skin office buildings in Sweden using a dynamic energy simulation tool.