The planning parameters of a cooling system for ventilation, for example the vaporization andcondensing temperatures, heat capacity flow rates, design temperatures and designtemperature differences have a strong influence on the investment and operating costs.The target of this research is to find economically optimized design parameters byminimizing the present value of investment and the operating costs of the cooling system.

There are a number of methods available concerning with distribution of air in buildings. Within control research, one can find new control algorithms which have not yet been used in practice. These new algorithms open the possibility of developing andimplementing of new demand controlled ventilation systems.In a building the internal air motions are due both to differences in temperature andpressure differences caused by the ventilation system.

IEA Annex 27 "Evaluation and Demonstration of Domestic Ventilation Systems" has been engaged in developing the evaluation tools for various aspects of their performance. This paper describes the evaluation tool for thermal comfort impact by ventilation systems. The tool is based on the experiment by using inside artificial climate chamber, focusing upon the temperature difference and cold air supply rate into the room. As the evaluation index, the percentage of living space volume where a specified thermal comfort condition is satisfied is used.

An investigation of some Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) parameters in a significant office of the State in the area of Rome was undertaken. The aim, in future, will be to cover a wide range of situations in various buildings and organisations, to achieve data to improve the working conditions, to have a more healthy working environment, to optimize energy consumption and energy management.

The work discussed here concerns the conditions of comfort obtained in a room cooled by a fan coil in relation to the form of air flow obtained. It is based both on practical experiment and on numerical simulation using CFD code. Combining these methods allowed a large number of configurations to be studied, in association with different operating conditions for the appliance. Using the results in combination enabled a relation to be established between the problem data, the device characteristics and the comfort conditions obtained.

The aim of the study was to investigate the operation of different types of ventilation in placesconstructed underground and ground level; the effect of ventilation on indoor radon levels wasalso examined. Air exchange rates and radon concentrations were measured in underground(n=73) and ground level (n=64) workplaces. Air exchange rates, designed exhaust ventilationflows, ventilation rates per person and area were sigmficantly higher in underground placesthan places constructed on the ground level.

A passive tracer gas technique - the homogenous emission technique was utilised formeasuring the air distribution in a part of an office building with displacement ventilation.Measurements were made during one winter period and one summer period. During thewinter period the ventilation was run continuously, while on/off regulation was used duringthe summer period.

This study reports on the introduction of air infiltration and mechanical ventilationin a model for energy consumption estimation. The model applies to air conditionned nonresidential building and is developped to need few inputs. Existing air infiltration models arecompared and three equivalent leakage area (ELA) databases are tested on the same casestudy. Calculations of air input throught opened-doors are made to compare flows due to airinfiltration and due to natural ventilation. Simulations are made considering mean airinfiltration value and hourly values.

Due to the lack of proper sensors for odours, the odour concept, involving the unitsolf and decipol, is of very little practical use with respect to automatic control of VAVsystems. However, the decipol level in a room may be predicted from the concentration ofCO2 and the amount of fresh air supplied. By using the CO2 level as a decisive variable ofthe occupant load within the room, the actual air quality (decipol level) can be predicted.Once the decipol level is known, it is compared to a given set point, thus enabling thecontroller to alter the air flow rate accordingly.

Many post-war residential buildings in the Netherlands have collective heating systems with poor energy efficiency. Also ventilation and DHW systems usually do not comply with current requirements. In Heerlen, the Netherlands, a demonstration was carried out in the framework of the EC-THERMIE programme in a residential building where the collective heating, DHW and ventilation systems are replaced by individual multi-functional appliances. These appliances are a recent development in the Netherlands, integrating different service functions.