Many recently developed energy-reducing strategies with respect to heat loads in residential interiorsincluded in simulation programs possess extensive capabilities in handling these loads (gains orsinks) for each zone - spatial unit designed for maintaining moist air thermodynamics there.We have taken up procedure, which was primarily dedicated to the influence of the sensor positionsof a room model.

For historical and demographical reasons, in many European countries, an important part of educational building must be retrofitted. These retrofitting must be carried out in a context of reduction of greenhouse emissions and energy consumption.Among different targets for retrofitting, there are the improvement of indoor environment. In fact, educational buildings are particularly vulnerable to indoor environment problems. Studies have indicated a correlation between the way educational buildings are designed, or retrofitted, and student performance.

The peak electrical demand of office building VAV systems will be reduced by about 1.2 Kw/1000 Ft2 by employing an Integrated Systems Demand Control Technology (ISDCT) sequence to reduce peak intake flow by about 56%.Supply, return, and exhaust fan energy decreases with reduced airflows and pressures; and chiller system energy is saved by reduced cooling coil loads.The ISDCT sequence continuously computes zone contaminant concentrations allowing compliance with reference standards.

During the cold seasons, it is possible to use ambient air to cool down the coolants in air-conditioning or other refrigeration applications. Applying this free cooling reduces the energy costs of a refrigeration machine. This paper presents a general method for the economically optimal dimensioning of a free cooling system in which a heat exchanger of the counterflow or crossflow type is applied to the heat transfer between the ambient air and the coolant.

For energy savings, DCV systems are more and more used in ventilation systems but toestimate their energy savings, variation of occupation in the building (in time and number ofperson) must be estimated. We have enquired on real occupation on site in 27 offices and 13meeting room in France. Occupation rates have been monitored either by webcam or byenquiry to the users. Results show very low occupation rates in meeting rooms although mostpeople feel they are very occupied. Yet effective time of meetings and number of occupantsare less than expected.

For energy savings, DCV systems are more and more used in ventilation systems. In France, in nonresidential buildings, these systems are generally controlled by either a CO2 sensor, or an opticalmovement detection (infrared). The part of the study we present here was to determine laboratorytests methods to assess the performances of optical sensors for ventilation application. The pointwas to characterise them by checking their detection in front of some determined movements orevents.

In France, in non residential buildings, these systems are generally controlled by either a CO2 sensor or optical movement detection (infrared).The part of the study we present here was to determine :- laboratory tests methods to assess the performances of CO2 sensors for ventilation application.- the working performances of these sensors, and particularly the long term stability in a meeting room.- a methodology to assess the performances of CO2 DCV system in French technical agreementThe main results of this study are :- it is easy to characterize (to calibrate) the sensors- the long term

Natural night ventilation and an earth-to-air heat exchanger are applied in the low-energy office building ‘SD Worx’ in Kortrijk (Belgium). Temperatures measured during summer 2002 are used to discuss the operation and cooling effect of these passive cool

Ventilation and comfort assessment of buildings is not a new practice in post occupancy evaluation (POE) of buildings. Most evaluations have been based on perceived assessments by the occupants collated through questionnaires asking for a Yes/No response or qualitative scale rating. While this study does not deal with a POE survey, it was initiated by the lack of comfort and overheating complaints of the occupants of the subject university building.

This paper deals with the real behavior of a humidity controlled air inlet, regarding to relative humidity and temperature. It has been often heard, that relative humidity is not the best indicator for detecting a need of ventilation in main rooms (living room and bedrooms) because it is season dependant (the absolute humidity outside varies in a wide range from winter to summer, which should lead the air inlet to be closed in winter and open in summer).