Describes the thermal and ventilative properties of some older dwellings and the latest test dwelling in Hokkaido. Results include the following.< 1) The above mentioned older dwellings suffer a great heat loss by ventilation and conduction. Therefore such dwellings must be retrofitted.< 2) The airtight dwelling is in danger of condensation due to high humidity.< 3) In the future, the heat recovery system should be used in the airtight dwelling to get rid of high humidity and to increase the supply of fresh air.

Reports investigation of the air quality in a sound-insulated dwelling house. Measurements of ventilation rate and concentrations of CO, CO2, and NO2 were measured in a tight sound-insulated dining-kitchen, with and without the operation of a gas range, instantaneous hot-water heater and ventilation fan. Finds that natural ventilation was inadequate when the gas appliances were operating and recommends that an instantaneous gas hot-water heater should be provided with an exclusive air exhauster.

The air-tightness of various houses is revealed by testing with the pressurization method, and the equivalent open area of air infiltration per floor area is proposed as the index of air-tightness of a house.< Then the heating system, indoor air quality, indoor temperature and humidity and house planning which affect the ventilation design are discussed in connection with the air-tightness of a house.

Reports a programme of tests of the resistance of windows to air and water penetration. These were intended to assess the variation in the results due to different designs of window, differences between individual windows of the same type, different pressure test boxes, and different test operators. Gives tables of results and finds considerable variation but no single source of the variation. Suggests new test procedure and a statistical criterion for acceptance.

Compares some existing performance requirements for air permeability and water-tightness of windows. Gives tables showing main European standards. Finds that a large variety of methods of test and grading systems is used and concludes that steps should be taken to unify the systems.

Discusses materials and systems for reducing or eliminating air infiltration through identified leakage sources. Methods include caulking, adhesive/glass mat, weatherstripping, vent dampers etc. Gives recommended procedure for treating new and existing construction by pressurizing the building to detect air leaks, then retrofitting to reduce leakage. Cost effectiveness of the methods has not been reliably measured but the evidence suggests that many air infiltration reduction materials are highly cost effective. Gives bibliography of 233 citations.

Unopenable, fixed windows have been widely used in high-rise buildings in Japan, but the energy crisis has forced a reconsideration of the merits of natural ventilation with openable windows. However opening windows inhigh-rise buildings, has the disadvantage that open windows causes air flow variation of a mechanical system due to stack effect.< Reports results of a computer simulation of this problem. Describes computer program to calculate air flows in a building. Describes example building, giving air leakage and HVAC system characteristics.

Presents code of practice which supersedes CP3:chapter 1(c):1950. Deals with ventilation of buildings for human occupation. Outlines main reasons for provision of ventilation and gives recommended quantitative air flowrates. Shows that these form the basis for air supply recommendations for different types of buildings, and rooms characterised by usage. Gives basis for choice between natural and mechanical ventilation. Provides guidance on design of natural ventilation systems. chapter headings are: General, General principles of ventilation, natural ventilation, appendices.

Discusses standards and guidelines used for calculating the heat demand over a heating season. Notes inadequacy of current methods, in particular the inadequate account taken of certain environmental conditions and of particular window constructions. Proposes improved sizing procedure to take into account heat loss due to infiltrating air. Discusses simplifying assumptions. Gives expressions for critical heat output and for the quantity of air infiltrating a room.

Energy lost through ventilation becomes increasingly important as building insulation levels improve. Describes application to this problem of heat pump dehumidifier which transduces latent heat of moisture in cool damp air into sensible heat of warm drier air. Describes laboratory prototypes which combine sensible heat from counter flow heat exchangers with heat transfer properties of a heat pump. Claims such systems perform twice as effectively as conventional equipment and offer a new approach to ventilation losses.