Says that improvement of wall insulation and reduction of air change rates in existing buildings is the most efficient architectural means of energy conservation. Calculates that 200 gwh of heating energy can be saved per year in Hungary using this method.

The outdoor-air load in a large building uses 30-40% of the total cooling or heating energy. The report describes various ways of reducing the outdoor air-load in relation to the occupancy rate (persons/sq.m). Analysis (by computer simulation) was made of possible energy savings in a Tokyo department store through control of outdoor-air ventilation.

Presents the results from a comprehensive empirical investigation of 1144 swedish buildings in which energy conservation measures eligible for Government funding assistance have been undertaken.

Reports on an investigation concerning ventilation and energy conservation in dwellings, which was financed by the EEC and the Dutch Ministry for Housing and Public Works. Concludes that:< 1. In single family houses air flow through cracks and joints causes more ventilation then is required.< 2. Flats with more airtight construction provide better control of ventilation.< 3. The amount of wind protection plays a part as important as airtightness.< 4.

Presents an analytical procedure for evaluating the air change rate in a room due to the temperature difference between the interior and exterior, which occurs when a door or window is opened.

As part of a study by the Building Research Foundation on control methods for the thermal quality of homes, research has been carried out into the usefulness and consequences of a measuring method for the determination of the the airtightness of houses. Airtightness measurements were carried out in sixhouses. Data on occurring ventilation was already available from other research. It appears that the pressurization test for the airtightness of houses can be used to determine the thermal quality of the home.

Measurements were made of the apparent volume flows in the mechanical ventilation system of a block of flats, along with the expected energy arising from domestic ventilation. The aim was to see what energy saving could be obtained by reducing the mechanical ventilation in the block of flats. It was found that this depended on the reaction of the occupants. If they opened an extra vent light for a few hours per day, then the energy losses due toventilation were higher then before the reduction of the mechanical ventilation.

Notes emerging importance of airtightness and preparation of `Air Infiltration Handbook' by Sweden. Discusses the work of the Air Infiltration Centre under the auspices of the International Energy Agency. Reports on second AIC conference hosted by Sweden in September 1981. Discusses main topics presented at the conference dominated by the need for `controlled ventilation' and the problem of measurement.

In terms of energy usage and indoor climate a building works as a total system where the shell, the installations and services interact organically. However, technical knowledge of this total system is still undeveloped and the limitations of different trade categories hinders such development. Examples show how the efficiency of building methods such as tightening external walls depend on the ventilation system used in the building.

Briefly reviews ventilation requirements, types of ventilation , driving mechanisms for natural ventilation and infiltration, natural ventilation, infiltration and air leakage, air leakage sources, empirical models and infiltration measurement.