Reviews current knowledge about the sources of a number of indoor pollutants and their concentrations: tobacco smoke, NO2, CO, radon, formaldehyde, SO2, CO2, O3, asbestos, mineral fibres, organics and allergens. Lists the adverse health effects from exposure to each of the pollutants. Finds instrumentation for measuring exposure acceptable, but monitoring and knowledge of distribution of sources and concentrations inadequate or marginal. Knowledge of exposure-effects relationship is inadequate, especially with regard to delayed effects of chronic exposures.

A general multi-chamber model is presented and explored from the viewpoint of air quality studies. The model involves the following key concepts: purging flow rate and age distribution of both air and contaminants. From the physical and mathematical properties of the model, are deduced estimates of themagnitude of, and the relations between, the key concepts. The practical use of the model is illustrated.

Measurements were made in the PIKO low-rise pilot building project to study air tightness, interior air quality, and air heating in 15-30 residences in various seasons. Exterior wall air tightness was measured in 70 units and repeated in 10.

Research was undertaken to provide buildings equipped with mechanical exhaust ventilation systems or natural ventilation with reasonable draught-free efficient ventilation. One possible solution for existing detached houses and multi-storey residential buildings is a supply air window. Recent research in Finland shows that, for the best method, about 6.0 dm3/s of outdoor air per light area m2 can be taken in through the wooden construction double-paned window without draught. The incoming air was heated to about 50% of thetemperature difference between the inner and outer air.

A tracer method was developed for the evaluation of workplace ventilation. Nitrous oxide or freon was used as the tracer. The concentration of the tracer gas was measured with an infra-red analyser. The versatility of the tracer technique for industrial hygiene applications was improved by the use of a microcomputer for data calculation, display and storage. Three applications are presented: 1. determination of the capture efficiency of a local exhaust hood, 2. the evaluation of the air leakage of a room, and 3. measurement of the local ventilation rates in a large industrial plant.

This paper discusses the situation in the Netherlands with respect to air tightness of dwellings and reflects discussions about this in the Dutch Standard Committee on Air Tightness of Buildings. Results of measurements and calculations are given and the considerations of different groups in thediscussion are included. Finally an attempt is made to produce a model for the prediction of air flow rates, infiltration losses and seasonal gas consumption on the basis of air leakage measurements.

This survey describes how external walls and joints are constructed in practice. The paper gives you an opportunity to compare how successful the implementation of airtightness has been in Sweden in comparison with the results presented in the report D2:1983 "Air infiltration control ..." by A Elmroth and P Levin. The survey covers the majority of all Swedish prefabricated single family houses constructed in 1984. All big prefabrication companies are included in the survey.

A reduction of infiltration and ventilation rates by a mere 1% would reduce annual US energy costs by about 300 million dollars. Infiltration and ventilation activities are an important part of the comprehensive energy conservation research policy of the US Department of Energy. The starting point for this policy is an analysis of how energy is used in buildings, starting with an examination of the buildings themselves. Summarizes US research and future activities.

Air change rates were measured in one two-storey detached house with five basic types of passive ventilation systems: an intake vent in the basement wall, an outdoor air supply ducted to the existing forced air heating system, an exhaust stack extending from the basement to the roof, and two combinations of the supply systems and the exhaust stack. An expression was developed for estimating house air change rate from house airtightness, neutral pressure level and indoor-outdoor air temperature difference.