This speech comprises a summary of two publications from the Swedish Council for Building Research (BFR); the knowledge survey "Buildings and Health" (BFR T4:90) and "Indoor climate and energy husbandry" (BFR G5:90). One central conclusion presented in both these publications is that the hygienic and climatic requirements are frequently neglected and that they must reassume a central position in the building and building management process.

This paper describes the guidelines prepared by NIST for GSA. These guidelines are organised by envelope construction system and contain practical information on the avoidance of thermal performance problems such as thermal bridging, insulating system defects, moisture migration problems, and excessive envelope air leakage. For each envelope system, both good and bad practice are discussed with an emphasis on the graphical presentation of envelope design details.

Natural ventilation of dwellings is commonly applied, especially in mild and moderate climates. The disadvantage of natural ventilation is the poor control of both flow directions and flow rates within the ventilated building. To improve control, theuse of mechanical exhaust is often recommended. Though this may improve total ventilation, the ventilation of separate rooms often is insufficient still.

A commercially available humidity controlled natural ventilation system (Aereco) has been installed in the framework of a CEC demonstration project in 3 apartment buildings in France, the Netherlands and in Belgium. An extensive monitoring campaign in reference apartments and humidity controlled apartments during the 2 previous winters allowed a detailed analysis of various ventilation related parameters. Special attention is given to the evaluation of the humidity control on the performances.

A passive tracer gas technique has been used in an experimental study of the distribution of contaminants in a room with displacement ventilation. Humans are simulated by heated metallic bodies and the tracer concentration in the breathing zone (exposure) is shown to be greatly influenced by both the position of the tracer source and the air convection current around the bodies. It is shown that pollutants emitted close to a body are completely and directly transported to the upper mixed zone and not mixed into the lower zone.

This paper illustrates the principles of demand controlled ventilation systems (DCV) as applied to office buildings. Appropriate ventilation approaches and control strategies are demonstrated in this paper for small area control (ieboardrooms) and for office buildings as a whole. Findings are illustrated by the results of field experiments. Impacts on energy consumption, indoor air quality and occupant response are examined. General conclusions and recommendations applicable to similar building types are also presented.

This paper is based on field measurements in auditoria which were carried out in Norway and in Switzerland. In both cases carbon dioxide (CO2) was chosen as the relevant indicator to establish ventilation demand.

"Air Movement and Ventilation Control within Buildings", held 24-27 September 1991, Ottawa, Canada, proceedings published September 1991, Volume 1, pp 141-142. #DATE 00:09:1991 in English",An overall presentation will be given of the final report from Annex 18 experts are proposing DCV-systems in various building types. The presentation will be focused on strategies and pre-requisites and on DCV-systems in the building types not presented separately.

Air is the main transport medium for contaminants in buildings. Minimizing source strengths has first priority, second is to control air flow rates, supply and exhaust, and directions between zones in buildings. Computer simulation models forventilation and pollutant spread in buildings have been proven to give useful predictions. Large measurement campaigns for optimizing ventilation and pollutant problems are complex and expensive. They are often jammed by too many vague parameters influencing the result. The computer models are an alternative and form a supplement to measurements.

Airflow through a building has both mean and fluctuating components due to spatial and temporal variations in wind-induced pressures. Most of the existing investigations consider the average values of wind pressures and predict steadystate solutions for airflow [1]. This paper presents some experimental results for the validation of a proposed fluctuating airflow model [2]. The new model employs spectral analysis and statistical linearization methods to model the pulsating airflow through buildings.