In the period 1980-1987 Rotterdam carried out an energy saving programme for municipal buildings in the non-profit sector (hospitals, schools, offices, libraries, etc). The target of this programme was to save energy with a yearly balance between costs and benefits. In 1987 this programme resulted in aninvestment of F.42,000.000,--. The energy consumption was reduced with 16.000.000m3 gas. After 1987 the energy consumption slowly grew to the situation of 1980. In 1989 Rotterdam started with the introduction of energy management.

Indoor climatization requires temperature and humidity control. The physical processes affecting the heat and vapour balance comprise heat and vapour diffusion across the envelope, ventilation, water evaporation or condensation, metabolic heat and vapour generation, solar and auxiliary heating.

Due to the intensification of global environmental problems and to the anxiety of stable oil supply resulting from the Gulf war the tendency toward energy-saving is growing at a global scale. On the other head, in Japan, due to the ever increasing participation of women in social activities, the development of anaging society and urbanization, the reform of social structure and the diversification of users' needs are advancing rapidly.

The next generation of end-use technologies must respond to growing demands for better indoor air quality, comfort, workmanship and durability. Priority technologies include advanced building energy management control systems, high efficiency.

The papers for this conference are divided into sessions as follows: residential, transportation, cross-cutting technologies.

Two new halls of residence, designed by Rick Mather Associates, are currently under construction at the University of East Anglia. All 800 of the near-identical student rooms have en-suite, prefabricated bathrooms, designed to be craned into position. Their low energy design required high standards of air-tightness and that mechanical ventilation systems be threaded through the buildings.