This report describe the thermal performance and air distribution of a Kumamoto prefecturalindoor sports ground in Japan. The swirling flow type natural air ventilation system wasadopted in combination with environmental symbiotic technique, and attempts was made topositively harmonize the system with the environment. In the measurements, emphasis wasput on the identification of thermal environment and on the verification of the swirling flowtype natural air ventilation system.

This paper describes a numerical method for the determination of the effective depth of fresh air distribution in rooms with single-sided natural ventilation. The numerical method involves predicting air flow and the local mean age of air. The renormalisation group two-equation model of turbulence is used with the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy to predict turbulent buoyancy-induced room air flow. The local mean age of air is then obtained from the solution of air flow equations together with the transport equation for the age of air.

The aim of this study is to illustrate the importance of the effects of wind turbulence on airchange in buildings. Using two simple configurations, tested over a short period, twoapproaches are compared.The tests are performed using m experimental house which is filly exposed to the wind.

In residential buildings, air-conditioners are usually operated in intermittent mode. Thisintermittent mode may complicate many aspects of indoor environments. Indoor humidityexcess is a major problem, since humidity excess is associated with biological pollution andformaldehyde emission. This paper reports our monitoring of indoor air temperature andrelative humidity in a real life building in the hot humid Hong Kong climate. These monitoredresults indicate that, in residential buildings, occupants habits in using windows for naturalventilation exacerbate indoor relative humidity excess.

In order to explain the effect of heat recovery on a passive ventilation system using stack effect, and to show the factors and conditions that the heat-recovery system can be installed in a passive ventilation system, the following investigations are made. The characteristics of the airflow in houses using the passive ventilation with the heat recovery units were investigated from scale model experiments and numerical experiments. And the effect of energy saving by the heat recovery system was investigated from numerical experiments using the standard weather data of cities in Japan.

This study investigates indoor air environment via the flow fields, temperature fields and air contaminants (carbon monoxide) distributions in conventional residential kitchens, and looks for effective methods to solve those problems through natural ventilation techniques. Numerical simulations of the physical problem under consideration have been performed via a finite volume method for solving the governing equations and boundary conditions.

This paper deals with the internal environment of traditional excavated dwellings in Santoriniand the effect the conditions of the surrounding volcanic rock have on it. Three buildings weremonitored in the summer and winter and the results of the monitoring were used to simulatethe natural ventilation of the dwellings and calculate the amount of moisture which is releasedfrom the porous material of the walls. The study shows that the internal high relative humidityvalues are mainly due to this moisture release.

The design of natural ventilation systems - the configuration and sizing of system components - assumes one of two generic forms: the nasty form based on thermal comfort criteria or the nice form based on specified airflow rates. The nasty form demands consideration of the complex coupled interaction of a building's airflow and thermal systems - a difficult and often intractable challenge. The nice form, on the other hand, is quite tractable, yet it is commonly approached using interactive and approximate techniques.

A currently unresolved problem in building design in the paradox between increasing demand for good thermal insulation, and the requirement for ample levels of ventilation, to maintain a healthy indoor environment. A possible solution to this problem is a supply air 'ventilated' window. An experimental set-up has been designed to test the performance of the window under various conditions. The behaviour of the window is shown, and the factors affecting it's performance discussed.

Many HVAC systems built in the time between 1960 and 1980 have now reached the end oftheir lifetime and require retrofitting. When HVAC retrofits are performed in connection withbuilding renovation, there is often a potential for reduction of thermal loads. The questionwhether a renovated building should have an airconditioning plant or free ventilation oftenrevolves around arguments of energy consumption and investment. However it is not takeninto account that there can be no thermal comfort in many cases of cooling loads and outdoortemperatures.