For energy savings, DCV systems are more and more used on ventilation systems. In France, in non residential buildings, these systems are generally controlled by either a CO2 sensor, or an optical movement detection (infrared). To achieve correct performances, pressure conditions in duct and fan regulation must be considered.

Every city or town has a market to supply fresh food to its residents. A market has the function of displaying fresh food, auctioning it, and supplying it to consumers. A market must fulfill this role throughout the year even in cold, snowy areas, and this calls for a large, covered space. At the same time, vehicles of various sizes drive in and out of the market premises to transport food into and out of the market. These vehicles emit exhaust gas, however, and the introduction of a large amount of fresh air into the market space is indispensable for maintaining good air quality.

We designed a roofed parking lot for a large wholesale market in Sapporo City to protect trucks and cars from snow and rain. Every day, the area attracts a large number of vehicles including trucks. Drivers often leave the engines running for heating in winter and cooling in summer. Exhaust gases poison the air, creating a serious environmental problem. The roof of the new parking lot is equipped with two kinds of chimneys, such as high chimneys to exhaust waste air and low chimneys to supply fresh air.

This paper is concerned with the different methods to present inlet condition for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of task air conditioning (TAC). The boundary conditions at the supply opening have a strong influence on the flow in the room, and they are, therefore, very important. Usual methods are outlined. Comparison and analysis are then given. The terminal device of TAC is close to people and is relatively large compared to the dimension of the occupied zone. The occupied zone is in the forward flow zone, not return flow zone.

The airflows of rooms are different with the ventilation methods, indoor heat sources distribution, as well as room structures themselves. To understand the features of indoor airflows, engineers and researchers use laboratory tests, CFD techniques and field investigations to probe into the essences of indoor air movements. At present, CFD methods are widely used in predicting space air distributions because of lots of well-known advantages. On the basis of long-term research work, the 3DFLOW codes were developed, which is based on the standard three-dimensional ?

Theoretically if the thermal properties of a building envelope and the power of the HVAC systems are known, then air infiltration becomes the only one unknown component of the thermal balance of a building and could be defined from it. In reality, all data are approximate. Modern measurements and data processing techniques allow one to evade this obstacle.

Optimum air distribution system should provide the basic requirements of healthy environment in the Operating Theatre, which depends in turn mainly on the air supply, extract outlet positions, and the operating table orientation. The complexity of the Surgical Operating Theatre requirements is shown in the present computational cases and the associated sophistication of the air treatment, to attain the guideline recommended by the National Health Service Estates of UK, was adequately represented.

The aim of this project has been to provide information on energy consumption in different building categories. Previous studies have focused on total energy use and not on how the consumption of energy is divided in various categories. On a national level, statistical data are generally available in terms like energy consumption per square meter.

Twenty terrace houses without heating system has been built in Sweden. The houses are extremely well insulated and very airtight. They are also quipped with a high efficiency ventilation heat recovery system. The total electricity consumption and the air temperature in two positions has been monitored for each of the houses on an hourly bases. Further has the environmental conditions, i.e. outdoor temperature, wind, sun etc been monitored. In six of the houses separate measurements of electricity consumption for ventilation and hot water has also been performed.

This article provides information on the characteristic heat-related data of the enclosing constructions of the existing multi-apartment houses in Latvia as well as those of the sanitation systems in these houses.Monitoring of the heat energy consumption has been conducted in order to determine energy consumption over one-year period in a renovated nine-storey multi-apartment house of the 602 series design. The results obtained through monitoring have been compared with those of the heat energy consumption in an analogous reference house.