German

Covers maximum permissable levels of various substances, including tobacco smoke, asbestos and benzole, found indoors. The reduction of formaldehyde levels is given special attention.

States that with improved thermal insulation, ventilation heat losses are becoming increasingly important for the total heat demand of a building, particularly multistorey buildings. Explains how the ventilation heat loss of individual rooms

The Heat Protection Ordinance (Warmeschutzverordnung EnEG) issued in 1977 aimed to reduce heating energy consumption and has become part of the building ordinances. Beside the heat transmission resistance (k-value-a measure for the size of the heat transmission losses), also the crack flow exponent (a-value) has been controlled to reduce ventilating heat losses. Practical experience has shown that, without mechanical ventilation, hygienic, physiological and building physical disadvantages will turn up.

Measurements of the radioactive subsoil inside a closed and air conditioned room were made to establish how far the concentration of radon and the radon daughters may be changed by means of ventilation. Whereas the radioactive subsoil in a building cannot be influenced due to the given cosmic radiation and the radio-active isotopes, it is generally assumed that the radio-activity originated by Radon 222 may be removed from the room air by ventilators. The radon diffusing from the brickwork disintegrates into several intermediate radio-active products and finally into stable lead.

The use of heating and ventilation was measured in several flats to find the relationship between the two. Measurements were taken in 9 flats in a 6-storey block in Berlin, with various types of ventilation system. Two flats remained uninhabited to serve as a comparison. The duration of the opening of windows of the individual rooms lastd on average up to 15 hours per day during the whole heating period. The tenants' own evaluation of the duration of airing differed immensely from this result.

Introduces a new HVAC system which adapts the actual needed quantity of outside air and at the same time maintains the demanded thermal conditions. Apart from the temperature, the CO2-level in the controlled zones is used tocontrol the system. The new HVAC system is compared with a conventional one by computer simulation for annual energy consumption.

A gas sensor was used which measures the partial pressure caused by gases polluting the air. The sensor signal was measured in different rooms and compared with the pollution and CO2 rate in the air. The sensor can measure the air quality under various conditions and be used to control the fresh air volume, thus reducing ventilation heat losses.

Discusses the installation of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery in residential buildings. The various ventilation strategies are summarized for both blocks of flats and single houses. Building components and guidelines are described.

The current German Standard specifies a minimum thermal insulation. However even with excellent insulation, if the air change rate is too low, condensation can form. High humidity emissions in dwellings can require air change rates of more than 2/hour. The use of mechanical ventilation, possibly humidity-controlled and with a heat recovery system, is suggested to minimize ventilation heat losses. The user has to be educated to provide adequate ventilation in spring and autumn, but during the cold season the ventilation rate can be reduced to two thirds of the minimum value.

Presents a compact control system of modular construction, developed in the Netherlands, which incorporates in one unit the functions of air circulation and ventilation, heat recovery and heating. It conforms to the German health and building regulations and operates with any fuel. In 1983 it was installed in 6000 new, highly-insulated Dutch dwellings and in another 10000 dwellings in 1984. Operating costs are 700-800 florins/year for heating a living area of 110m2. Future models may include water heating.