English

The groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system is an open-loop system that draws water from a well orsurface water, passes it through a heat exchanger and discharges the water into an injection well ornearby river. By utilizing the relatively stable temperature of groundwater, this system can achieve ahigher coefficient of performance and offers a more energy-saving solution than the conventionalair-source heat pump (ASHP) system. On the other hand, its performance significantly depends on thecharacteristics of the groundwater and the underground thermal properties.

This paper presents a study of the impact of urban warming upon energy consumption forair-conditioning in the home, using a numerical simulation model. The results are as follows. 1) In citiesother than Sapporo and Sendai, about 50% of the total hours of occupancy were ventilation hours, andabout 20% to 40% were cooling hours. As a result, the total energy consumption for cooling wascomparatively large. 2) In these other cities, cooling hours increased in the summer as the outdoortemperature rose.

In 2003, Hong Kong was hit by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) from which many peopledied. The Hong Kong Government subsequently set up a Governmental Team Clean Committee toinvestigate possible urban design policies. Team Clean charged the task to the Planning Department,HKSAR. It initiated a study titled: Feasibility Study for Establishment of Air Ventilation Assessment(AVA) System. In 2003, the research contract was entrusted to a team of researchers of Departmentof Architecture, CUHK. A number of focused studies were conducted.

Coupling CFD and multizone models can avoid their respective drawbacks in predicting airflow andcontaminant concentrations distribution in buildings. Two kinds of boundary conditions are commonlyexchanged between them. The multizone model can give either pressure or mass flowrate boundaryconditions to CFD. This study analyzes in detail the impact of each of the boundary types on the CFDdomain, and compares them with a full CFD simulation without coupling.

In this study, I surveyed household energy consumption and related indicators in various western andAsian countries. In the western countries, household energy consumption shows a trend towardsaturation, but in the Asian countries it is likely that household energy consumption will continue to rise.In rural areas of Asia, especially because the energy infrastructure has not yet been completed, theremay also be, on the positive side, opportunities to encourage acquisition of innovative energy systems.

The concentration of CO2 was measured during driving the automobile and during standing. VOCsconcentration was measured during standing. Two ventilation modes were prepared; 1) all fresh airmode and 2) all re-circulation mode in the car compartment. The windows of the automobile werealways closed during this measurement. The ventilation rate and the airchange rate were determinedby the concentration of CO2.

Ventilation radiators, heat emitters where cold ventilation air is brought directly from outdoors into theroom via heated radiator surfaces, are becoming more and more common in Scandinavia. Becausethese systems combine both heating and ventilation several interesting aspects arise that may be usedto save energy and improve indoor thermal climate. The heating aspects in wintertime have beendiscussed in previous papers from KTH STH.

Since the primary due period of 2008-2012 of the Kyoto Protocol Target Year is close at hand, specificmeasures for the prevention of global warming should be implemented in all areas. This paper outlinesthe energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trends in the residential and commercialsectors in Japan. The paper presents the projections of CO2 emissions until 2050. The projectionsindicated that if the various energy conservation measures were implemented, up to 59% of reductionin CO2 emissions against the 1990 level can be achieved.

In order to facilitate rational development on the efficient new ventilation system with new detectorsagainst the health problems caused by VOC in residential buildings, authors studied to clarify the actualIAQ conditions around occupied area. To grasp the contemporary circumstances andtransfer-mechanisms of VOC in houses, the actual data regarding the pollutants and its movementwere collected in 9 detached houses in Tochigi prefecture. In this paper, investigated results for indoorthermal environment, ventilation and indoor chemical pollutants are described.

In the past ten years, there have been intense developments in the application of energy savings inbuildings and high technology glass invented mainly for architectural faades and skylights in all overthe regions of the world. The complexity of skylight use in buildings for obtaining day lighting is alwayscrucial related to energy savings matter with the climatic nature in every region of the world, specificallyin the tropical zone of Surabaya city of Indonesia.This paper is written mainly to the intention of the world crisis energies and the green architecturedomain.