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The growth of automobile population in Kuala Lumpur is an important issue for car parking spacesespecially commercial buildings. The large multi storey and underground car parks seem to offer goodsolution nowadays. Undeniably, indoor air quality (IAQ) is a vital element in the underground car park. Itis so important due to its effects to the human beings.

The purpose of studying vernacular Japanese architecture is to understand to what extent a house withlarge opening surfaces, no thermal insulation and very low environmental impact can become avaluable shelter during cold winters and hot humid summers. The reason of this result is to be found inthe strict relationship between the socio-cultural context and the environmental characteristics of thebuilding. The occupants behavior, the way of dressing, relaxing, living inside the house is acomplement of the thermal, daylight and solar performances of the envelope.

With radiant heating, it is possible to set room air temperature lower than when heating withair-conditioning because the human body is heated by a radiation. As room air temperature decreases,heat loss from walls and windows decreases, and so does the ventilation load. It is often said that theradiant heating, such as floor heating saves energy. This study calculates heat flow at the windows andthe walls of a living-room using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

It is necessary to unsteadily accurately estimate handling and time-related spatial distribution of theindoor environment element in respect of externality meteorological phenomenon and time-varyingmovement of the heating and cooling load in order to carry out the thermal environment design in detail.With the speedup of the recent computer, the unsteady CFD calculation was practically carried out andresults fed back to the environmental design.However, time subtraction interval and convergence decision are appropriately set at the case of theunsteady analysis, and it is necessary to examine

Social, financial, energy and technical data from about 1110 households have been collected during2004 in the major Athens area. The sample has been divided in seven income groups and a detailedanalysis has been performed. Important conclusions have been drawn regarding the quality ofhouseholds, the operational conditions and the energy spent per income group. Low income people aremore likely to be living in old buildings with poor envelope conditions. The cost per person and unit areais much higher for the low income group for both heating and electricity.

The effectiveness of natural ventilation, i.e. its ability to ensure indoor air quality and passive cooling ina building, depends greatly on the design process.

The traditional house of Japan, Kominka, is constructed of wooden pillars and beams, and clay walls.The indoor space in the Kominka remains cool in summer because overhanging eaves block solarradiation and the open frame airs out. Technology to make small cracks airtight is undeveloped.Consequently, drafts enter the indoor space and chill occupants during winter. Improvements of indoorclimate have not been realized. This report describes "Yukis house," which is a Kominka built in thelatter 1700s, defined as a residence of the privileged class.

Farming is very popular in Tohoku Region. Especially the yield of rice in this region is more than 10%of that in Japan. However, farmers have a problem with its storage in winter and summer. In general,rice should be harvested in autumn, and be stored until the harvest next year. To store it in summer,electric refrigerators are generally used and they cost a couple of million yen every year.

There is an obvious and indisputable need for an increase in the efficiency of energy utilisation inbuildings. Heating, cooling and lighting appliances in buildings account for more than one third of theworlds primary energy demand. In turn, building stock is a major contributor to energy-relatedenvironmental problems.

Mould can cause allergic, toxic or infectious reactions (Bardana 2003). The lack of quality standardsfor assessment and removal of indoors mould has caused the German Federal Environmental Office(germ: Umweltbundesamt, UBA) to issue several health-related guidelines (UBA 2002). This studyrecorded to what extend these recommendations has been realized by experts for assessment andremoval of indoors mould damage in Greater Bielefeld, Germany. The expert companies conductedeither assessment (inspectors) or removal (craftsmen) or both, assessment and removal, of mould(case managers).