Describes tests of air leakage performed on both prime windows and storm windows, separately and in tandem at wind velocities of up to 30.m.p.h. All types of windows were tested and upper and lower ranges for infiltration found.
Describes measurements of heat flow taken in three rooms at different heights in a multi-storey office building. Heat supply, internal to external temperature pressure differences, wind velocity and sunshine were recorded. Gives result that it needs more heat to maintain the same room temperature on lower floors than on upper floors. Difference is that heat needed on 32nd floor is approximately 40% less than that on 8th floor.
Describes measurements taken in eight rooms in a multi-storey office building. Heat supply, internal to external temperature and pressure differences were recorded. Gives preliminary result that wind velocities near building were substantially lower than at nearby weather bureau.
Reviews qualities desirable in a tracer gas for the measurement of ventilation rates in buildings. Reports experiments in which radioactive argon was used to measure the ventilation rate in a room. Results obtained agreed with simultaneous measurements using hydrogen as tracer. Suggests use of method for measuring ventilation rates in large buildings and use of krypton gas as an alternative to argon.
Suggests energy usage can be reduced by lowering the quantity of ventilation air. Reviews ASHRAE standards for minimum ventilation and air quality. Suggests changes in air conditioning design and the use of air purification equipment. Recommends further research.
Describes how ventilation rates in two houses with recirculating air distribution systems were monitored by injecting CO2 tracer gas into the supply and measuring its concentration in the return air. In one house with solid concrete floor, normal windows and air bricks, ventilation rates were mainly dependent on wind speed. In the other with suspended timber floor and weatherstripped windows ventilation rates were much lower and mainly dependent on internal to external temperature difference.
Gives general account of Twin Rivers project summarising main findings from 1972 to date. Includes section on air infiltration. Measurements of infiltration rates were taken using tracer gas method and regression equation found for the data.
Details the retrofits at Twin Rivers, grouped into packages A,B, C and D. A,B and D reduced heat flow through attic and basement. B limits the amount of air infiltration from crack openings, especially round windows and doors, by the addition of Vinyl foam weatherstrips, caulking of window and door frames and adjustment of ill-fitting casements.
The measurement systems used at Twin Rivers for determining energy usage are described. These include a weather station, three different systems for the measurement of temperatures and energy-related events in a house, a tracer-gas based air infiltration measurement system and infrared thermography
Notes heat flow through double windows due to temperature difference and air infiltration have usually been calculated separately. Tests combined effect of air pressure and temperature difference on three double hung prime windows in combination with various storm windows. Found that calculation of infiltration and transmission losses separately gives higher heating requirements than necessary and that air leakage increases with temperature differential. An overall heat transfer coefficient is determined
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