Indoor climatization requires temperature and humidity control. The physical processes affecting the heat and vapour balance comprise heat and vapour diffusion across the envelope, ventilation, water evaporation or condensation, metabolic heat and vapour generation, solar and auxiliary heating.
Due to the intensification of global environmental problems and to the anxiety of stable oil supply resulting from the Gulf war the tendency toward energy-saving is growing at a global scale. On the other head, in Japan, due to the ever increasing participation of women in social activities, the development of anaging society and urbanization, the reform of social structure and the diversification of users' needs are advancing rapidly.