This paper describes the modelling and the experimental validation under ALLAN™ Simulation software 3 of a dwelling subjected to actual indoor and outdoor conditions. The construction of the global model is made in two steps:
Starting from the basic governing equations for fluid flows, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is described. The pre-processing and post-processing software was integrated with the CFD code to form a more user-friendly computer package. This new computer package has been used to carry out several simulations on air and smoke movement in atrium with balconies. It has been found that the pre?processing and post-processing software can greatly reduce the data preparation and analysis time. It can also reduce the likelihood of making errors in data entry.
In recent years, poor indoor climate has increasingly been seen as the cause of health problems for building occupants. Today, there is good evidence in some areas why such problems arise. Unhealthy substances given off by various building materials, the existence of mould and general air pollution are the main causes. In general, the most important way to remedy the problem is improved ventilation. Poor upkeep and maintenance have led to a decline in the performance of existing ventilation systems.
The Energy-related Environmental Issues (EnREI) Programme was established in 1991 by DoE Construction Sponsorship Directorate and BRE, with the aim of reducing emissions of C02 and other greenhouse gases due to energy use in non-domestic buildings.
This Handbook is in three parts: Introductory, health & economics and building. The author's perspective of environmental and health issues developed during ten years as a Principal Scientist at the Building Research Establishment, including four as Head of Building Pathology. Each Section in the Handbook addresses a particular topic and many may be read independently. With this structure, it is inevitable that there is some duplication of basic information, especially in Part 2. It is intended to publish replacement and new Sections in the next few years.
The Dutch "E'novation" program is a national demonstration program in which dwellings with high energy consumption, moisture and mould problems and poor indoor air quality were renovated, with special attention to the selection of the heating and ventilation systems, thermal insulation and the buildings' physical details. A number of indoor air quality parameters were monitored before and after renovation, showing an important improvement in the indoor air quality. Moreover, total energy consumption decreased by 33%, which meets the targets of the Dutch National Environment Policy.
An effort has been made to gather the information available about duct cleaning. The emphasis in the survey was on the hygienic aspect of the cleaning of supply air ducts. Most of the literature deals with cleaning of exhaust ducts. Guidelines for the cleanness of ductsurfaces have been given by some organizations, but the scientific basis for such guidelines needs more research.
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