The article describes experiments with wall-mounted air terminal devices. The airflow from an air terminal device influences the occupants' thermal comfort and, therefore, it is important to develop an expression for the flow in the occupied zone. The velocity at the floor is influenced by the flow rate to the room, the temperature difference and the type of diffuser. The flow is stratified at Archimedes numbers larger than four. The article gives expressions for the velocity distribution close to the floor.
This paper describes the measurements and evaluation of the indoor thermal environments in a large domed stadium. This stadium was built mainly for professional baseball games, but it has a lot of other purposes. It will be used not only for many sport games but also for various entertainment events. To satisfy such purposes, various intelligent mechanical systems were equipped to control and create a suitable space and environment without consuming excessive energy.
The XIV-century Palaces of the Lions and Comares constitute the principal residential complex of the Alhambra in Granada. Both are distributed around gardens enclosed in courtyards, originally with abundant vegetation and water. This paper includes a series of measurements carried out in the rooms and the courtyards in order to contrast the different microclimates, as well as some solar-penetration diagrams. It also focuses on the analysis of the Hispano-Moslem residential type in relation to ifs environmental performance
A recent European project explored combinations of radiative and evaporative cooling processes involving the roof for application in the Mediterranean region. The paper introduces the experimental applications which were built and tested as part of the project and the design considerations and applicability data derived from simulation models validated with the experimental results
This short paper demonstrates the existence of an error in instantaneous heat loss calculations due to errors inherent in the input data. By implication, these errors will also be present in thermal simulation programs.
A method of assessing building passive thermal performance for houses in Europe is described. The method is intended to provide the user with a means of understanding the factors effecting the thermal characteristics of the building, while giving figures that will allow the best use to be made of available passive energy techniques. The development and use of this method is outlined, and a description is given of how Genetic Programming will be used in this process.
This paper presents a synopsis of the content of the New Zealand Standard for Energy Efficiency in Large Buildings. This new standard is purported to be 'descriptive'. The paper outlines the three permissible methods for demonstrating compliance with the Standard's requirements. Disadvantages of this approach are stated and an alternative proposal is suggested.
The paper compares the design and measured performance of the relatively conventional Autonomous House and the earth-sheltered Hockerton Housing Project, both in Nottinghamshire, England. These are both attempts by the authors at making houses for the United Kingdom climate that need no non-renewable energy inputs, but are comparable in cost with conventional houses. The conclusion is that high thermal mass combined with superinsulation is effective in giving "zero heating" performance, but it makes sense only if the house is designed for an extremely long life.
The vote of acceptance of the thermal conditions of a built space varies with the individual. The design of the space should consider the occupant's thermal comfort therefore the future users' opinion on thermal conditions. People's opinion regarding the acceptance of thermal circumstances of a room can be expressed by several indices the PMV the scale being the most used for this purpose.
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