English

Using the wind pressure difference method to estimate the cross ventilation potentials of a building at a particular site, the appropriate wind frequency data at the building site are important (Aynsley et al, 1977, Su, 2001). This study investigated wind frequency data available from the data recording site at Auckland airport and discusses how to obtain the building site wind frequency data from the original wind frequency data recorded from such sources.

This paper provides a theoretical error analysis of common airflow measurement and control techniques to maintain minimum outside air intake rates in variable air volume (VA V) systems. The results of the error analysis indicate that control strategies using direct airflow measurement from either an averaging Pitot-tube array or an electronic thermal anemometry provided the best ventilation control.

Different types of air-conditioning systems, including constant-air-volume air systems, variable-air-volume air systems, fan coil systems, other terminal unit systems, induction units, etc., are described in this paper. Different types of rooms are described. The advantages, disadvantages, and different maintenance needs of a variety of air-conditioning systems, including constant-air-volume air systems, variable air- volume air systems, fan coil systems, terminal unit systems, dual-duct systems, and induction unit systems are reviewed.

A genetic algorithm technique is used to design an HVAC air duct system with minimum life-cycle cost. The approach has the capability to incorporate standard (discrete) duct sizes, variable time-of-day operating conditions and variable time-of-day utility rates. An example is used to illustrate these capabilities and results are compared to those obtained using weighted average flow rates and utility rates to show the life-cycle cost savings possible using this genetic algorithm methodology.

Full-scale burning tests were performed on wood, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and methanol fires in a compartment with forced ventilation. The gas temperatures at seven positions were measured together with the transient mass loss rate of the fuel. Average temperatures of the hot gases were then compared with the values predicted by a simple model proposed by Deal and Bey/er (1990). The heat loss coefficient of the compartment was found to be an important parameter, and an empirical parameter is fitted from these tests with small fires.

According to published statistical data, most TB contamination occurs from unknown and unsuspected TB carriers. It can be found in many areas of a health care facility where, based on the building code requirements, the air is not exhausted to the outside but recirculated to other areas of the facility. Although any system exhausting instead of recirculating the air greatly minimizes the risk of contamination, all-exhaust systems are not used because of their increased energy consumption. As an alternative method, recirculated air is HEPA filtered.

This paper presents a part of the findings of ASHRAE research project RP-885, a literature review on the responses of disabled persons to thermal environments. An extensive literature review on the impairment of thermoregulation and thermal sensation has been carried out to collect data on physical, physiological, and psychological responses of persons who suffer from various disabilities, diseases, or genetic disorders, as well as those taking medications, and elderly persons.

This paper provides an overview of inpatient bedroom and support space criteria based on clinical requirements of care. Space requirements are described functionally as they relate to the level of care required or the acuity of the patient. For the purposes of this paper, and in the majority of cases, the level of care provided falls into one of two categories: acute care or intensive care.