English

This paper describes the development of a hybrid conditioning system that creates a comfortable indoor environment in a building. The operation of a variable-volume displacement conditioning system and a radiant cooled floor have been optimized to reduce the building load. Control strategies were developed that optimize energy consumption and contain moisture levels within specified limits. The development of conditioning-only occupied zones is shown and how the overall energy consumption is reduced. Its application in a large airport is described.

The intent of this paper is to present the design process which has created the new SELLIC Library for the University of Edinburgh. The design has evolved from the initial concepts completion in 1996 to a detailed design which is currently awaiting Client funding. The building's form has arisen by the integration of the :function, environmental strategy and the aesthetics.

Combustion gases from diesel engines of trucks accumulate in the apparatus rooms of fire stations when fire trucks and emergency vehicles leave for or return from an emergency run. The situation is most extreme when fire trucks leave for an emergency run. All doors are closed for security reasons and combustion gases become trapped in closed apparatus rooms. These gases can migrate to the living quarters located next to the apparatus rooms, causing discomfort or potential health problems for personnel returning to the building.

The possibility of using natural ventilation for commercial buildings is increasingly being considered. To assist natural ventilation in these buildings atriums are often suggested for the building's design as well as mechanical systems providing low air change rates. To ensure that natural ventilation will meet today's comfort expectations the proposed design needs to be evaluated using dynamic simulation software.

The Equitable Building, which opened on 1January1948, in Portland, Oregon, was the first of a new architectural form. Technically and aesthetically it was radically different from any previous structure. It was a fully air conditioned building, clad with sheer aluminium curtain walling and huge expanses of sea green tinted sealed glass. It was fully electric with heat pumps providing heating and cooling from underground aquifers. The architect was Pietro Belluschi, an Italian immigrant who originally trained as an engineer and the mechanical engineer was J.

This paper aims to outline the current state-of-the-art in integrated building simulation for performance prediction of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HV AC) systems. The ESP-r system is used as an example where integrated simulation is a core philosophy behind the development. The current state and future developments are illustrated with case studies. It is argued that for building simulation to penetrate the profession in the near future, there is a need for appropriate training and professional technology transfer initiatives.

Nicotine concentration in air has been measured in several restaurants by different measuring techniques. Several problems of the measuring techniques has to be solved before nicotine measurements can be used for approval purposes. For approval purposes, the checking of the ventilation may be more fruitful than nicotine measurements.

Zonal models are often used in analytical calculation of temperature, concentration or humidity conditions in ventilated spaces. The space is divided in two or several zones ( 1 ). The zoning of the space is based on the assumption of constant temperature,  concentration and humidity in each separate zone. The balances for air mass flow, contaminant mass flow, water vapour mass flow and heat flow are determined between zones and between zone and outer boundaries.

The ventilation efficiency in a displacement ventilated room with non-buoyant pollutant sources was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The contaminant removal effectiveness was measured for different positions of the pollutant sources and with different ventilation flow rates. The air change efficiency and the temperature gradient in the room was measured for the different ventilation flow rates. The contaminant removal effectiveness was much dependent on the position of the sources and varied from 30 to 240 %.