wind tunnel

States that it is accepted practice to determine wind effects on and around a building by measurements in a scaled model in a boundary-layer wind tunnel. At large scales of reproduction it is impossible to simulate the entire depth of the atm

Describes results from wind-tunnel tests on models of the Building Research Establishment's experimental building at Aylesbury. The use of several scale models of this building in uniform and in simulated atmospheric boundary-layer flows together with the results from the full-scale experiments allow an assessment of the effect of variations in the ratio of the longitudinal- turbulence integral length scale to body dimension.

Describes the relationship between wind flow round a building and heat loss from it. The relative merits of numerical and wind tunnel models are discussed and various numerical techniques, including the vortex method and the control volume method, are examined.

Presents results of an investigation aimed at working out thr design principles for natural ventilation conduits. Discusses results obtained in an aerodynamic wind tunnel.

A combination of a wind-tunnel investigation and a mathematical simulation technique conducted on models of two-storey parking garage situated beneath alarge block of buildings (consisting of houses, shopping centre and offices) shows that wind penetrating the partly open garage facades can provide sufficient ventilation. Studies the effects on ventilation of varying the open area of the facades and of fitting openings in the garage roofs. Measures the effect of such ventilation means on air quality close to buildings.

Air curtains are used to protect entrances of big buildings such as department stores and cold-storage warehouses. When designing an air curtain for a given situation, one needs to know the pressure difference between both sides of the curtain due to the temperature difference and forced ventilation, as well as the wind. In literature on air curtains the effect of wind is generally underestimated.

Describes wind tunnel study where both static and dynamic, local and spatially distributed loads have been measured for a variety of representative low-rise building geometries. Determines experimental pressure coefficients for the interior of buildings with various porosities and wall openings. Describes the assumptions made to reduce the large quantities of data to a small set of simplified pressure coefficient charts appropriate for use in a code or standard.

Reports on a comprehensive wind tunnel study of low-rise buildings at the University of Western Ontario, aimed at the definition of simple code specifications for the wind loading of such buildings. Describes an innovative technique for determining spatially-averaged time varying wind loads over various tributary areas of a structure. This data has been processed by computer to produce a time-history of more generalized loadings. Measurements have been carried out in turbulent flow conditions characteristic of thenatural wind.

Investigates a rational method of utilizing recent improvements in wind tunnel techniques and meteorological data, to estimate potential wind-generated air flow through housing in hot humid climates. The method uses mean pressure differences obtained from solid wind tunnel models together with appropriate discharge coefficients for rectangular openings. Changes in pressure distributions due to typical openings through models indicated that the use of pressure data from solid models results in errors similar to those associated with the local wind data.

Presents and discusses mean pressure coefficients averaged over the entire side of a building, obtained from measurements made on models of rectangular flat-roofed buildings made in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Describes measurement technique and data collection. Pressure coefficients based on either a local reference wind speed or a reference wind speed measured at the level of the building have been computed. Gives example and a comparison with existing building codes and standards.