Studies the effects of permeability on the wind loading on a building. Compares experimental results from wind-tunnel tests with theoretical methods for estimating the mean and fluctuating internal pressures for various permeability. Observations show that the internal pressure can be estimated from known external conditions in terms of mean RMS and spectral values to a reasonable level of accuracy for the case where the permeability consists of circular apertures. Effects on the external pressure distribution due to permeability are found to be significant under certain circumstances.
Describes full-scale measurements of wind pressures carried out on a high-rise building situated in an urban area and having an almost rectangular plan. Summarizes the results of measurements of the wind pressures acting on the windward and leeward faces of the building in a nearly face-on wind. Presents pressure coefficients, probability distributions, peak factors, power spectra and coherences.
A knowledge of the pressure fluctuations on buildings exposed to strong winds is important for wind loading calculations. Presents the statistical quantities of such fluctuations in terms of rms values and power spectra for models resembling the Aylesbury experimental building of BRE, and compares this with full-scale results. Suggests that, provided the properties of the longitudinal velocity component are suitably simulated, then agreement between full-scale and model results in terms of rms values and power spectra can be achieved.
TNO Research Institute for Environmental Hygiene have developed a mathematical model (based on an electrical analogue model) for deciding on the best ventilation system (natural v. mechanical) for a building while it is still atthe design stage. This model has been applied to an auction complex situated at Bleiwijk to deduce the best ventilation system for the building. Conclusions are that a natural ventilation system can be realized by placing ventilating devices exclusively in the roof.
An experimental investigation of wind-induced pressure loads acting on two square-plan flat-roofed model structures (50ft and 225ft high in full scale) is described. Measurements of mean, peak and root mean square pressures acting on points and over larger roof areas have been made in turbulent boundary layer flow simulating wind over urban and open country terrains. Area loads on the roofs have been measured both by a pneumatic-averaging technique, and by using a large flush-diaphragm transducer.
Treats the three main factors contributing to ventilation heat loss- natural air exchange driven by wind pressure and temperature differences, air exchange caused by the user and forced air change under the influence of exhaust air installati
Air curtains are used to protect entrances of big buildings such as department stores and cold-storage warehouses. When designing an air curtain for a given situation, one needs to know the pressure difference between both sides of the curtain due to the temperature difference and forced ventilation, as well as the wind. In literature on air curtains the effect of wind is generally underestimated.
Reviews nature of air flow conditions, meteorology affecting building air flow, wind effects on systems operation, and physical modelling and full- scale measurements.
Describes wind tunnel study where both static and dynamic, local and spatially distributed loads have been measured for a variety of representative low-rise building geometries. Determines experimental pressure coefficients for the interior of buildings with various porosities and wall openings. Describes the assumptions made to reduce the large quantities of data to a small set of simplified pressure coefficient charts appropriate for use in a code or standard.
Reports on a comprehensive wind tunnel study of low-rise buildings at the University of Western Ontario, aimed at the definition of simple code specifications for the wind loading of such buildings. Describes an innovative technique for determining spatially-averaged time varying wind loads over various tributary areas of a structure. This data has been processed by computer to produce a time-history of more generalized loadings. Measurements have been carried out in turbulent flow conditions characteristic of thenatural wind.
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