This paper presents a complete overview of energy and indoor air quality issues related to ventilation. It comments ventilation in standards and in practice and gives information on the human response, health effects, air distribution, ventilation efficiency and different types of ventilation systems.
The study presented in this article concerns the numerical simulation of airflows and occupational exposure to household contaminants. A finite volume code (CFD) is used to simulate a single-family house with several ventilation, heating, and climatic conditions. The concentration and occupational exposure levels of household contaminants CO2, CO, HCHO, NO2, and water vapour, all from human metabolism, along with those from gas cooking and smoking, are evaluated over a day for a generic occupational schedule of four family members.
This paper describes the precautions that have to be taken in design and installation of ventilation systems in order to reduce their noise. They concern fans, ducts and ductwork, air inlet and outlet, air diffusers, air handling unit.
Three offices ventilated with charcoal filtered outdoor air were investigated with different air change rates, ozone level and limonene, using the perception of a sensory panel. Results confirm that ventilation is necessary for ensuring good indoor quality even in low-polluting offices.
An intervention study was performed in a mechanically ventilated office building in which there were severe indoor climate complaints among the occupants. In one part of the building a new heating and ventilation strategy was implemented by renovating the HVAC system, and a carpet was replaced with a low-emitting vinyl floor material; the other part of the building was kept unchanged, serving as a control. A comprehensive indoor climate investigation was performed before and after the intervention.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of the sick building syndrome (SBS) among office workers in Mauritius. A walk-through inspection and a questionnaire survey were carried out in 21 office building complexes to evaluate the prevalence of risk indicators for SBS symptoms among 302 office workers. Indoor climatic variables monitored were: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, air temperature, relative humidity, air movement, noise and light. All data collected were analysed using the EPl-info software.
Nosocomial infectior1s are a major problem in many hospital buildings, with ,approximately 10% of patients acquiring such an infection during a hospital stay. Airborne transmission is one of the important routes for a number of nosocomial pathogens. To combat this proq,lem there are a number of engineering control strategies, such as the use of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and advanced ventilation techniques, which can be used. This paper outlines the 'state of the art' in air disinfection, and reviews recent research work in this field.
Ventilation is essential for the maintenance of good indoor air quality, although there is evidence to suggest that energy loss through uncontrolled or unnecessary air infiltration is excessive. In this study; estimates are presented for air change (ventilation and infiltration) energy use in non-industrial buildings for 13 countries. Various methods are used for the estimates, but they are mainly based on calculating the total annual enthalpy change needed for the conditioning of air. The potential for reduced energy use by improved ventilation control is also briefly reviewed.
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