Reports on conference arranged by AIC where main topic was different building standards in different countries. Discusses condensation problems in UK housing and frequency of toxic gases in Scandinavian housing. Notes research into more efficient ventilation and future expectations.
Notes that there is currently no generally accepted term for the efficiency of a system in terms of pollution removal. Different proposals have been suggested. There is now sufficient factual data to determine the difference inability of different systems to evacuate pollution. This is despite the factthat the requirement for minimum flow is the same for all fan-assisted ventilation. The requirement is also unrelated to whether the system is an extract or push-pull system and where the ventilation devices are positioned.
Indicates that a systematic analysis is necessary if satisfactory results are to be achieved and suggests various stages of analysis. Provides practical examples with illustrations.
Describes a test carried out in the Fridley, MN, Junior High School Music Dept. to obtain air quality, energy and subjective response data on an Automatic Variable Ventilation System. Devises a control system with both CO2 and temperature inputs to control the use of outdoor air. Infiltration measurements lead to a quantitative measure of ventilation efficiency, which in turn lead to recommendations for air circulation patterns in rooms. The measured ventilation efficiency enables energy and CO2 models to fit measured data. Finds energy savings of approx. 20% in this application.
Gives a series of short articles on air quality, air infiltration, and the ventilation needs of low energy buildings. These are -< 1. Sandberg M. Quantifying the pollution. Defines the quality of ventilation< 2. Warren P. Predicting infiltration rates. Explains BRE's method of predicting air infiltration in houses< 3. Getting close to zero. Describes the low energy EKONO office complex< 4. Sherman M. Grimsrud D. Which ventilation system? Shows that the choice of the economically optimum ventilation system depends on the tightness of the building.
Uses the SEGAS "Autovent" constant concentration apparatus to measure the fresh air entering and the local ventilation rate in each cell of amulti-celled dwelling with both natural and mechanical extract ventilation. Measures fresh air entry into each cell using tracer gas constant concentration and decay techniques. Conducts decay tests without artificial mixing, and interprets them by computing the area under the decay curve to obtain local ventilation rates. Compares the 2 measurements, giving the ventilation efficiency of each cell and an idea of air quality in each room of the house.
Gives results from fiel trials of the performance of various mechanical ventilation systems. Carries out measurements in buildings built during the seventies, using the tracer gas decay technique with N2O. Tests 3 cases:< 1. Air supplied only through register above door< 2. Air supplied both through register and the slot under the door< 3. Air supplied only through slot under the door.
Examines the possibilities of achieving energy-efficient ventilation systems in naturally ventilated homes (which include the use of intermittent extract fans in individual rooms). Discusses factors affecting energy efficiency. Treats general design requirements for mechanical and natural ventilation systems. Discusses the characteristics of natural ventilation systems, including leakage, weather and window opening. Compares natural and mechanical systems. Provides suggestions for natural ventilation design.
Reports the results of over 100 tests of 6 different warm air schemes. The temperatures and the removal of a tracer gas were monitored at several points and the data used to determine the temperature efficiency and ventilation efficiency. For ea
Describes a programme of ventilation measurements performed on a group of energy efficient houses built in the mid-1970's and situated in Abertridwr, S.Wales. Pressurization, tracer decay and British Gas autovent techniques were employed. Results show satisfactory whole-house ventilation rates (0.5 ac/h), but the living room and bedrooms had very low ventilation rates. Some cases showed serious condensation. "Trickle" ventilation installed in 18 of the houses improved internal ventilation patterns and condensation levels were substantially reduced.
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