Experiment and CFD simulation show the influence of moving person simulator (of cylinder shape) and thermal manikins on air distribution in ventilated rooms.
In this work a numerical model that permits to simulate the human body thermal system is presented. This computational model is based on the integral energy balance equation for the human body tissue, arterial and venous blood and mass balance equation for the blood.
As the thermal sensation of humans depends directly on heat transfer characteristics between the body surface and the surrounding environment, it is very important to clarify the heat transfer characteristics of a human body surface in detail. This paper describes a combined numerical (NOTE I) simulation system of airflow, thermal radiation and moisture transport based on a human thermo-physiological model used to examine the total (sensible + latent) heat transfer characteristics of a body surface. The human body is assumed to be naked (NOTE 2).
Experiments have shown that exhalation from one person is able to penetrate the breathing zone of another person at a distance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFO) is used to investigate the dependency of the personal exposure on some physical parameters, namely: Pulmonary ventilation rate, convective heat output, exhalation temperature, and cross sectional exhalation area. Full-scale experimental results are used to calibrate/validate the CFD model. Respiration, although an inherently transient phenomenon, is simulated by steady-state CFD with reasonably good results.
A semi-empirical two-compartment constant parameter model is used to predict airborne and surface du t concentrations. The model parameters are air in- and exfiltration internal particle sources, surface deposition caused by settling. Brownian and turbulent diffusion and thermophoresis track-in of dust particle and resuspension. Model predictions are calculated for some typical scenarios, and the soiling rate of a vertical surface is calculated for a range of friction velocities and electric field strengths.
An experimental setup is presented that can measure concentrations generated around a pulsating source of carbon dioxide (C02) that simulates human respiration. The experimental setup is used to study the relationship between the ventilation efficiency and the pollutant removal efficiency of a space. These are two key parameters which describe the ability of a space in providing a comfortable and healthy environment for its occupants. Preliminary results obtained so far have focused on the conditions inside a small test chamber.
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