heat transfer

Use of computers for simulation of air flows in buildings, leading to production of a mathematical model for analysing the stability of ventilation systems subjected to external forces, and for simulation of heating systems toproduce a mathematical model of heat release and water flow in radiator systems. Investigation of fire ventilation.

Describes measurements made in a real factory building and comparisons with the scale model tests presented in the previous report. The ventilation system of the factory building is a mechanical one with the necessary rate of ventilation designed to be less than that calculated by the conventional method. The parameters studied included air velocities measured with hotwire anemometers at the inlet openings and the temperatures in the work hall itself measured from a crane.

Notes that moisture problems could arise with improvements to thermal insulation of buildings. In addition indoor radon levels could rise. Considers the choice of heating system. Compares total costs of alternative systems. Treats the effects of increased insulation on internal environments. Identifies moisture sources. Stresses this should be regarded as only a limited guideline and that there is a need to ascertain the heat and mass transfer behaviours of building materials, particularly those that affect prediction of the transient behaviour.

The R-values of permeable insulation systems are generally determined in test apparatus designed to assure one-dimensional heat transfer and to assure no air intrusion effects. Such classical R-values are used to help describe insitu heat-tra

A table is given which compares the performance, construction and function of the various types of window treatment. Aspects covered include sun control, thermal insulation, infiltration barrier, security and privacy, control by static, movab

States that with double and triple glazed windows the air flow through the joints reduces the transmission heat flux. This has the effect of lowering the heat load and in particular the annual heat energy demand. The same phenomenon occurs when the windows are covered with shutters at night. Provides calculation equations.

Describes the methods and considerations employed in the development of a detailed monitoring and evaluation programme for passive solar residences. Data analysis is performed by determining the hourly heat transfer of all critical energy transfer components, using an on-site microprocessor based data acquisition system. Discusses air infiltration as one of the components, and describes measurement methods, including pressurisation and tracer gas techniques.

An effective way of reducing the transmission flows through windows during the heating season is to use the air extracted from the room to ventilate the air space between the glazings. The heat transmission coefficient of a ventilated window is between two thirds and one third of that of an unventilated window, and the infiltration heat loss is less. Proposes analytical dependencies and graphs for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient and the temperatures of the panes as a function of the window construction and the heat transfer intensity.

Reviews different lightweight structures' abilities to store heat. Shows a cutaway drawing of a single-family dwelling illustrating how stored heat is distributed. Relates heat storage capacity to structural density. Notes the importance of air distribution in attaining efficient heating.

Gives a brief guide to the computer program ZSTEP, which is a program for simultaneous calculation of the thermal performance of up to ten zones in a building. Outlines the structure and operation of the program and describes the type of input needed and the output produced. Discusses applications of the program and planned developments. An appendix gives data preparation sheets.