Describes evaluation of two integrated heating and ventilating systems, one a modified warm air system and the other a modified mechanical ventilation system. From the technical viewpoint the systems were found to be efficient. However it remains to be seen whether mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery including flue heat recovery can be justified in economic terms.
Particulate and gaseous emissions from indoor combustion appliances.and smoking can elevate the indoor concentrations of various pollutants. Indoor pollutant concentrations resulting from operating one or several combustion appliances, or from sidestream tobacco smoke, were measured in a 27m3 environmental chamber under varying vent ilation rates. The combustion appliances investigated were gas-fired cooking stoves, unvemed kerosene--fi red space heaters, and unvented natural gas-fired space heaters.
Reports the result of investigation of the impact of various operational factors on trace combustion products emission rates from unvented gas appliances including ranges and space heaters. The impact of the following factors on the indoor NO, NO2 and CO emission rates were evaluated under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber - 1) the appliance typeand/or design, 2) the primary aeration level, 3) the fuel input rate, 4) the time dependence of emission rates, and 5) the presence of absorbing surfaces such as wood, plaster board, curtains, carpets, linoleum and plaster.
Diffusion-type passive monitors were placed for a two-week period in each of 303 residences in the New Haven (Conn.) area during a 12 week sampling period January to April 1983. For each home NO2 levels were recorded outdoors, and in three ro
A matched pair of identical mobile homes, one supplied with electric heating and cooking utilities and the other with propane gas utilities, were used to evaluate, over a 14-month period, various factors which may affect indoor formaldehyde c
The problem of indoor air pollution has many facets, ranging from excess humidity, mould and insects over emissions from gas boilers to high levels of various chemicals in tight buildings. The common denominator of all these problems is the existence of several sources of pollution inside a volume of relatively low dissipative capacity. Where the resulting concentration from a single substance exceeds an already established hygienic standard regulatory measures are straightforward. Assessing the risk of several substances being present at the same time is still difficult.
Reports investigation of the air quality in a sound-insulated dwelling house. Measurements of ventilation rate and concentrations of CO, CO2, and NO2 were measured in a tight sound-insulated dining-kitchen, with and without the operation of a gas range, instantaneous hot-water heater and ventilation fan. Finds that natural ventilation was inadequate when the gas appliances were operating and recommends that an instantaneous gas hot-water heater should be provided with an exclusive air exhauster.
Reports measurements of air infiltration and leakage using tracer gas and the pressurization technique in a three bedroom townhouse having a gas-fired forced-air furnace system. The measurements were made in order to quantify the amount of infiltration due to various mechanisms.
Heating systems may emit pollutants into living spaces of buildings. Presents model for estimating exposure to pollutants allowing for variation of air change rate and inside-outside temperature differences. Examines the effect of energy conservation measures. Concludes that if ventilation alone is reduced the pollutant concentrations will rise but if reduced ventilation is balanced by increased insulation then pollutant contributions will remain unchanged. The analysis applies only to pollutants generated by the heating system.
Presents results of a survey of natural infiltration rates in 2 identical modern homes-one gas fuelled and one electric-over aperiod of a year. Infiltration rates were determined by releasing tracer gas, usually ethane, into the main return duct and measuring concentration every half hour. Discusses results and dependence of infiltration rates on wind speed and direction. Gives preliminary result that wind probably exerts agreater effect on infiltration than any other variable.
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