The project aimed to conduct research on the reasons for pollution caused by HVAC systems. It was found that the reasons vary widely depending on the type of construction, use and maintenance of the system. Filter and ducts are major sources of pollutants, with humidifiers and rotating heat exchangers coming a close second. Heating and cooling coils are less of a problem, as is the effect of air flow. Puts forward a new maintenance guideline based on the existing VDI 6022.
The proceedings of this conference cover the following topics: building design process; commissioning, operation and maintenance; controls and measurement; energy and building; heat pump and panel heating and cooling; HVAC systems and equipment; IAQ and ventilation; indoor air pollution; miscellanea; modelling and simulation; museums and historical buildings; noise control and lighting; passive/evaporative cooling and refrigeration; refrigeration and passive cooling, heat pumps, panel heating and cooling; refrigerant substitution issue; and thermal comfort.
Describes the features of a prototype home designed for a large builder in Michigan, USA, and the results of a series of DOE-2.1E energy simulations performed to assess the impact of various energy efficient aspects. The new features included: improvements to the thermal envelope and mechanical equipment; use of structurally insulated panels (SIPs) for the envelope; high performance, low-E argon-filled windows; a smaller, more efficient boiler; passive cooling design via a central stairwell with operable skylight; a unique mechanical ventilation system that can be scheduled and zoned.
Energy consumption in building accounts for 30 percent of all the energy consumption of external envelope takes an important part. But in China, because of the insufficiency in thermal behaviour of building external envelope, indoor average heating temperature is low, while heating energy consumption per unit area is 2-3 times as much as that in developed countries under the same climate condition. In this paper, according to measurement and analysis on some kinds of walls, windows and roofs, the detail methods in energy saving of these structures are described.
The new office building of the Ministry of Transport at Terneuzen in the Netherlands is a sustainable and energy efficient building with a good indoor environment. The building is constructed of sustainable materials, well insulated, has a good daylight situation and is equipped with a minimum of building services. Passive and natural sources have been utilised as much as possible. An advanced natural ventilation system provides the fresh air and controls the thermal comfort.
Cohousing communities balance the traditional advantages of home ownership with the benefits of shared common facilities and ongoing connections wit neighbours. The communities consists of private dwellings with their own kitchens, living-dining rooms, and so on. Residents also have common facilities, such as a dining room, a community kitchen, lounges, meeting rooms, a laundry room, recreation facilities, a library, workshops, or a childcare area.
Describes a new starter home designed to be climate-specifically energy efficient for the suburbs of Houston, Texas, USA. The home is intended to demonstrate energy efficient building strategies for a hot-humid climate, but at a minimum cost increase over the builder's current product. The many energy efficient technologies incorporated into the design proved that they allow builders to offer better homes at almost no added cost.
Describes the energy efficient retrofit of a residential building following a home performance assessment. Home performance contractors were able to save the owner 40% in annual heating costs with an insulation upgrade, a heating and hot water system replacement and air sealing in the 200 year old house. As part of a promotion exercise for the new Home Performance with Energy Star initiative in New York, the house was the demonstration site for a TV and video production.
Second article in this series. Describes a second type of system that supplies 100% outdoor air, and is projected to save significant energy over standard HVAC. Notes that nearly all schools and large buildings in the US and many other nations operate on the principle that, to control energy costs, building ventilation systems must recycle a majority of indoor air that is already heated or cooled. In the name of energy conservation, many building owners and managers set their ventilation systems to bring in too little outdoor air.
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