Discusses the ASHRAE Standard 62-1981 "Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor AIr Quality", and extensive field measurements of ventilation. Presents apredictive model for indoor air contaminant concentrations in residences andits verification, along with the effects of several variables. Additional research on the indoor emanation rates of contaminants which are health hazards would enable the prediction of indoor contaminant levels with various control options.
Notes concern in recent years about complaints by occupants concerning the air quality in internal rooms. It is usually necessary to carry out an analysis of the air conditions to discover the underlying cause of the complaints. Gives advice on analysis methods. Treats selection of the appropriate measurement method, and timing and location of the measurements. Demonstrates the measurement techniques by examples.
Reviews some of the factors which cause indoor air pollution. Includes a general introduction to the subject, lists of prevailing air pollutants and their sources, detailed data from research and stnadard methods of air analysis, a study of the relationship between indoor pollution concentration and health effects and current regulatory trends, especially in the USA.
Reports on symposium in Belgrade, 1978, on the consequences of blocked and contaminated ventilation ducts. Notes current research by Swedish Building Research Council into hospital ventilation systems and other work on aspects of contamination and its effect on efficiency. Also reports on investigations into ventilation in housing. Diagrams illustrate various parameters and the effect of cleaning and contamination on airflow and efficiency. Considers economic periodicity of cleaning. Stresses importance of cleaning heat exchangers. Article concludes with a subject bibliography.
Considers the dangers of gases which are present in indoor air and which cannot be detected orally. Notes current regulations in Finland governing indoor air quality. Illustrates sense of comfort with example using a bus and various measures to provide satisfactory air to all parts of the bus. Considers current knowledge on air change rates and personal comfort.
Health problems have occurred after the introduction of building regulations with stricter requirements for airtightness. Reviews work done to improve problems associated with the thermal environment and human heat balance, building and installation conditions; the chemical environment and human awareness of pollutants; medical aspects; radon radiation; microbiological conditions; energy savings, air quality and efficient ventilation; thermal insulation and airtightness; static electricity and toxic gases from building materials and the problems of low ventilation rates.
Reviews the present state of knowledge of indoor pollutant concentrations, their time dependence and their relationship with indoor sources, energy conserving measures and indoor activity patterns. Pollutants of primary concern are organic compounds, respirable suspended particulates, nitrogen dioxide and allergens. Assesses knowledge of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon and infectious agents. Reviews typical concentrations of carbon monoxide, asbestos, mineral fibres, ozone and sulphur dioxide in residences. Concludes that a systematic assessment of indoor air quality is warranted.
Characterizes indoor contaminants as two continua - mass stressors and energy stressors. Describes the rates of generation and transportation of contaminants in terms of 4 sources (outdoor air, building materials, occupants and indoor processes) in 4 environmental zones. Reviews information on contaminant generation and discusses factors that affect these rates, including temperature, moisture content, acidity, room air distribution and occupant proximity. Concludes that sufficient information is available for new control strategies to be used to provide acceptable indoor air quality.
Examines what adequate ventilation rates are needed to control indoor levels of formaldehyde. Concludes that the ventilation rate procedure of ASHRAE Standard 62-1981 "Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality" offers protection from expected formaldehyde outgassing rates. Since formaldehyde outgassing decreases with time, increased ventilation during the first 2-3 years of the life of a structure is desirable. More data is needed to establish what the outgassing rates are and how they vary with temperature.
States that many health complaints attributed to tight buildings (tight building syndrome) may be alleviated by slightly lowering the thermostat. Discusses the ISO draft proposal DP7730 which defines comfort limits in buildings for occupants according to several comfort parameters.
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