PR2007

This paper introduces research being carried out to support effective energy efficient design in Egypt. It is based on deriving results of multiple parametric simulationsof energy performance of office buildings in Cairo and Alexandria. This is used to examine how to optimisepotential by reference to peak summer and winter loads. The outputs will later be used to inform the developmentof a decision support tool based on graphical interpretation.

Energy saving and emissions reduction are both affectedby the energy efficiency of the built environment and the matching between the quality of the energy carrierand the quality of the required energy. To take into account qualitative aspects of energy leads to the introductionof the exergy concept. Heating and cooling of buildings require low valued energy, especially if low temperature heating systems and high temperature coolingsystems are used.

Many modern office buildings have highly glazed facades.Their energy efficiency and indoor climate is, however, being questioned. Therefore more and more of these buildings are being built with double skin facades,which can provide improvements: a thermal bufferzone, energy savings, wind protection with open windows, fire protection, aesthetics, solar preheating of ventilation air, sound protection, nocturnal cooling and a site for incorporation of PV cells.

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) obligates EU member states to develop a reliablemethodology capable of calculating and certifying the energy performance (EP) of their building stock. In this paper, studies on a series of school buildings, based on Standard prEN15217:2005, consider the impact that a lack of transparency in the data gathering procedure might have on the repeatability of the EP grades. The resultsshowed that variations in EP grades ranging from 0.06 to 1.06 EP grades were possible.

The architectural product is influenced by a series of more general economical aspects such as people’s living standard, which includes not only a relative stability of the prices but also that of the family income.Therefore, the architectural product muc

Goal of the study was to investigate the relation betweenthe level of ventilation and the performance of school children in classroomsIn one school in two classrooms the same ventilation system was installed. The two classrooms were located at the same faade. The system had a possibility of supplyingfull outside air to the classroom or the position with full recirculation of air.

The purpose of this work is to study numerically the indoorenvironmental conditions in an office. The indoor air quality status has already been studied experimentallyunder different indoor and outdoor conditions and it was found that indoor originated pollutants concentrations(CO2, PM10 and total VOCs) were elevated when smoking was taking place and the windows were kept closed.

A numerical analysis of the natural ventilation in greenhouseswas performed at no-wind and low-wind speeds with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Imposed boundary conditions correspond to the average measured experimental values during a ten days period.Numerical predictions of the ventilation efficiency and microclimate distribution of an arch type tunnel greenhouse, a typical Mediterranean-type greenhouse were obtained for various ventilator configurations.

In order to limit ventilation losses in low-energy buildings,balance ventilation systems with high-efficiency heat recovery units are often used. However, the effectivenessof the heat recovery system may be severely affectedby envelope leakage as the system can be short-circuited by uncontrolled airflows. Therefore, limiting envelope leakage becomes a critical issue in such low-energy buildings.However, in a typical French house, air leakage through and around windows represents 15 to 70% of the total leakage airflow through the building envelope.

Global warming and fossil energy sources depletion represent an emergency at Planet scale. As a consequenceof the new regulations leading to lower energy demand in buildings for heating and cooling, new technologiessuch as ground source heat pump, are becomingmore and more popular in many parts of Europe,sometimes coupled with PV systems. Some solar thermal applications for heating (combi-systems) and cooling (solar assisted desiccant cooling systems) have also been developed in Europe and the interest in this area is growing.