PR2007

For a high density city, given the need to accommodate a fix amount of building volume, what can one do to optimise the benefits of the natural (air) environment? It is hypothesised that in densely built cities, the amount of gaps, permeability and porosity of the cityscape will affect the ventilation / wind environment. Using wind tunnel, experiments are conducted with different amount and positions of gaps of a simplified city layout.

Design guidelines for natural ventilation in buildings normally focus on the potential hourly air change (ACH) rates based on the building space parameters. Critically, external airflow design data is often assumed on the basis of a single mean wind speed and an associated prevailing wind direction. This can result in significant variation in ventilation rates and comfort conditions when non-design external wind conditions prevail.

This paper describes the possibility of high-temperature radiative cooling combined with natural ventilation. Weset uptwo small wooden experimental buildings:onehas a radiative-cooling system on the ceiling;and the other hasa conventional convective-cooling system.In the room with radiative cooling, we examinedthree patterns of cooling and ventilation: the first is radiative cooling withoutventilation; the second is radiative cooling with natural ventilation; and the third is no radiative cooling but natural ventilation.

In Korea, all residential buildings adopt floor- heating systems for indoor thermal comfort. And the ratio of multi-family houses exceeds 50%. Lately problems of noise between floors and contamination of indoor air in multi-family houses emerged as social issue, and performance standards related to noise between floors and ventilation were established in Housing Regulation. Concerning these issues, many systems have been developed.

A study was performed in 6 elementary schools in Japan,and measurements were made on temperature in classrooms and corridors, outdoor temperature, CO2 concentration and closing or opening of windows and doors.

A food odor spread is one of the air quality problems in high rise residential buildings in Korea. The food odor is mainly produced during the cooking of food. The food odor is generated in the limited spaces like in the kitchenand at a table. The ventilation systems in the buildingsdesigned to control air quality actually make the food odor spread more widely. To control the food odor spread, another types of ventilation systems are needed.In the paper, the kitchen ventilation system to prevent the food odor spread is introduced.

The energy performances of a summer air-conditioningsystem with variable airflow destined fora sole air-conditioned open-space environment which hosts a call-centre are presented. With a simple plant configuration,implementing an opportune control strategy aimed at the simultaneous satisfaction of sensitive and latent loads, the principle energy indexes and thermal comfort with reference to a location with a typical Mediterraneanclimate (Cosenza, Southern Italy) were identified.

This paper evaluates current situation of the university building which is considered oriented in the wrong direction,in the campus area of Izmir Institute of Technologyin Izmir, Turkey. The building, which houses the Faculty offices, is used by the Faculty of Architecture. Experience has indicated that cooling loads of the buildingare quite high, as it is oriented with the main design decision of facing the sea panorama along the long axis, lying in north-southerly direction, 11 from north to east.

More than 8.000 homes have been built to the Passivhausstandard in central Europe. The success of Passivhaus is due in large measure to it being a well defined product, understood by the developer, architect and future owner. However the Passivhaus standard was born to respond to the requirements of a relatively cold region. The EIE funded Passive-On project has examinedwhat elements of the standard could be useful in promoting the diffusion of low energy house design in southern Europe.

In Heerlen, the Netherlands, warm and cold water volumesfrom abandoned mines will be used for heating and cooling of buildings, based on a low exergy energy infrastructure. The combination of low temperature heating and cooling emission systems, advanced ventilationtechnologies and integrated design of buildings and building services provide an excellent thermal comfortand improved indoor air quality during 365 days/year, combined with a CO2 reduction of 50% in comparisonwith a traditional solution.