PR2007

Real-time control of comfort in indoor spaces needs models of temperature distribution and air-velocity velocityfield. Complete models, based on CFD, give this information but are improper for real-time calculations. Therefore, a reduced model is needed. This study proposesto reduce the dimension of a CFD model by first considering the velocity field fixed and solving only the energy balance equation, then putting this equation in the form of state-space and finally by reducing its orderby Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD).

High reflective coatings and paintings for the building envelope can be very useful to reduce the cooling loads and ensure thermal comfort conditions in the built environment.A sustainable painting obtained with a specialmixture of milk and vinegar is able to reach very high solar reflectance for light colours and especially for the bright white was tested during summer 2006 and used for roofs and walls for several purposes. The solar reflectance of this materials and of usual construction materials was measured with a spectrophotometer.

The main decisions concerning thermal comfort and energyefficiency of buildings are made in the early stages of the architectural design. Common practice relies on general indications based on climate analysis and heuristicrules about orientation, thermal mass and so forth. Such an approach usually demands assessment by simulation,deriving in an empirical process of check and see. Another approach would be to think of the building as an adaptive system with a potential to ensure thermal comfort.

Despite the available knowledge about technologies for passive cooling, cooling energy consumption is still increasing in Europe. The international project KeepCooladdressed this gap, searching for intelligent ways to promote the market penetration of passive cooling solutions.

Five most commonly used single span shapes of greenhousesviz. even-span, uneven-span, vinery, modified arch and quonset type have been selected for comparison.The length, width and height (at the center) is kept same for all the shapes. Total solar radiation input (beam, diffused and ground reflected) to each shape (through each wall, inclined surfaces and roofs) is theoreticallycomputed for east-west and north-south orientationsand compared for each month of the year at 31 N latitude.

Innovative development strategies for a “Mediterranean urban planning project” for the city of Umbertide- Umbria , organized in a new ecological, bioclimatic and energy sensitive residential/mixed-use, car free district of 1.500 inhabitants, focused on an

Thermal mass can be used in buildings to reduce the need for and dependence on mechanical heating and cooling systems whilst maintaining environmental comfort. Active thermal mass strategies further enhance the performance of thermal mass by integrating it with Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper two buildings in the UK incorporating different active thermal mass strategies have been monitored for a summer period.

One of the prerequisites for the design of buildings that make good use of daylight for internal illumination is a knowledge of the daylight climate in the place where the building is to be situated. The amount of light likely to enter a building is often quantified using Daylight Factor, the ratio of internal to external illuminance, which can be measured by taking some internal and external readings with a luxmeter. A luxmeter is a photometric device that uses a photocell with V-? and cosine correction.

Investigationofventilationmeasurement methodwas carried out in a full-scale test house. The aim of this study was to examine the ventilation rate via human expiration. The adopted method is able to measure multi-zone airflow rates. Airflow rate between rooms was monitoredand the outdoor airflow rate was measured by using the constant concentration tracer gases. The rate of outdoor airflow entering the house and the airflow rate between the rooms were estimated by the ventilation measurement method via human expiration based on system identification theory.

Urban development is unavoidable as the result of country’s economic growth. Without a careful planning, a city may cause environment destruction. Singapore is known to have the best environmental quality in the world. However, in the previous research on