IBPSA2011

When coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a detailed thermal comfort model describing the human thermoregulation, the characteristics of the micro-climate of the human body have to be known. In the paper, CFD has been applied to investigate human body’’s micro climate. A climate chamber equipped with a thermal manikin has been used to validate the CFD simulations against measurements for various boundary conditions. Based on the validated simulations, the characteristics of the human micro-climate are analyzed.

A multiobjective optimisation methodology is proposed to optimise building design against both physical performance (such as energy efficiency) and psychophysical performance (such as occupant comfort). The originality of the method is 1) the integration of subjective data obtained from psychophysical tests in multiobjective optimisation method and 2) the management of uncertainties inherent to subjective data through a Monte Carlo process. The methodology was developed through a case study of office lighting optimisation.

To achieve the low-carbon society, Japanese government has conducted; 1) to revise “Laws Concerning the Rational Use of Energy”, 2) to manifest reducing 25 % of CO2 emission, and 3) to participate COP15 as international activity. Various techniques have been applied for energy conservation of building individually.

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems show a great potential for energy saving. However, a number of problems related to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within a building resulted in an increase in energy consumption. The main reason is that the DHC plant and the building air conditioning systems are operated separately. This study proposes a new energy service in which the operator of the DHC plant controls air conditioning systems in the buildings simultaneously.

Carbon dioxide concentration is often taken as an indicator of indoor air quality, especially in spaces where human beings are the main contaminant source. Therefore this CFD analysis focuses on the CO2 dis-tribution in a sports hall, representing large and high enclosures. A buoyancy driven natural ventilation sys-tem prevails in the absence of wind, so that a pol-lutant stratification can be expected corresponding to displacement ventilation.

 In the context of more and more efficient building research, as passive house or Energy plus building, the occupants have become a central actor of building system. In order to integrate them in the design phase of a building, it is proposed to complete the classical definition of “energy efficiency” with the concept of “usage energy efficiency”. This concept integrates the notion of satisfaction and energy consumption which are summarized in a compromise decision plane.

Automatic optimization and degradation detection tool for HVAC primary system was developed. It synchronizes with Building Energy Management System (BEMS), and it does optimization and degradation diagnosis automatically. Generally, the tools based on the simulation are low generality because of the complex input. Therefore, the targeted system of this tool is limited to the primary system that is specific standard configuration to reduce the input data. The optimization function outputs the best set point according to the outside temperature and the load etc.

The diversity of non-domestic buildings at urban scale poses a number of difficulties to develop building stock models. This research proposes an engineering-based bottom-up stock model in a probabilistic manner to address these issues. School buildings are used for illustrating the application of this probabilistic method. Two sampling-based global sensitivity methods are used to identify key factors affecting building energy performance.

This study reported a series of wind tunnel experiments on the spatial distribution of the pressure drag acting on the walls of rectangular block arrays, which were arranged in staggered, square, and diamond layouts under the conditions of different packing densities. The obtained bulk pressure coefficients of a block located in various staggered arrays showed clear dependency of packing density.