IBPSA1999

In  this  paper   a   new  method  called  TSM  was presented to analyze wind effect on high-density building areas. With TSM, a software named WEATHER is developed based on STACH-3. The wind effect on a simple building is simulated to validate STACH-3 for outdoor airflow. The wind effect to a real zone with 9 buildings is analyzed with WEATHER. It shows that TSM is an effective method to deal with high-density building areas. It takes an acceptable CPU time to get convergence.

The purpose of this study is to show explicitly a series of exergy input, output, and consumption for daylighting, electric-lighting, and space heating/cooling system and hence to reveal how daylighting system consumes solar exergy and how electric-lighting, and heating, and cooling systems consume exergy originally contained by fossil fuel. The merit of exergy calculation is that we can explicitly and thoroughly show how different types of energy are used as a series of exergy consumption at different parts of a system.

The  authors  propose  a  predicting  methodology combined with simultaneous solution for Building- Urban-Soil system to analyze the heat island phenomenon quantitatively in this paper. Using this model, numerical simulation is performed in order to analyze quantitative effects of many factors on the heat island phenomenon. The factors of the heat island phenomenon addressed are: ground materials, geometric urban configuration, artificial exhausted heat release, physical properties of  buildings envelope and mechanical performance of air-conditioning system.

In  the  present  work,  human  thermal  comfort  is investigated within the built environment. The analysis is based on two building thermal simulation models. In the first one - Nodal Network – the air condition (such as, air temperature and velocity) within each thermal zone is assumed uniform and therefore, all zone occupants are exposed to the same condition. In the second model – Nodal Network- CFD coupling – mean radiant temperature, air temperature and velocity variations are considered.

This  work  has  allowed  to  test  different  model improvement tools, by applying them on two building models. At the close of this study, an important point concerning the capability of the CLIM2000 software program to perform exact derivative calculations came up : this advantage of the software make the sensitivity-uncertainty-optimisation work very accessible without increase of computer time.

This paper decribes a research project to compare, using simulation, the summertime comfort and energy use of naturally ventilated and mixed-mode (limited cooling) UK office buildings. A large number of simulations were run to investigate the effects of different design factors, on four facades. Various novel graphical methods, and regression equations, are used to present the results. It was found that without cooling, comfort could only be achieved by using several passive features to reduce internal temperatures.

In this article, we present the dynamic modelling of a heating and air conditioning small output installation in a residential building. The main aim of this modelling study is to acquire a better knowledge of all phenomena which govern the behaviour of small air conditioning installations for residential building using air as the fluid.

The treatment of convective heat transfer at internal building surfaces has a significant impact on the simulation of heat and air flow.  Accurate approaches for the range of flow regimes experi- enced within buildings (buoyant flow adjacent to walls, buoyant plumes rising from radiators, fan- driven flows, etc.) are required, as is the ability to select an appropriate method for the case at hand and to adapt modelling to changes in the flow. A new approach—drawing upon previously pub- lished methods—has been developed for modelling mixed convection within mechanically ventilated rooms.

A model for the design of urban grids and fabric with solar rights consideration taken into account is presented. The model allows the generation and evaluation of the building configurations, preserving the solar rights of each neighboring building, as well as the open spaces among them. The model presents a nomogram of the maximum available volume in which it is possible to build without violating the solar rights of any existing building, as well as the designed one.